Honorary Treasurers of the BSA

The founding Honorary Treasurer for the BSA was Walter Leaf (1852-1927), a banker in the City of London. He resigned in 1906 to become a Trustee in place of Sir Richard Jebb who died in December 1905.

Leaf's place was taken by Vincent W. Yorke (1869-1957), a former student of the BSA (1892/93, 1893/94), a director of National Provident Institution, and subsequently chairman of the Mexican Railway Ltd. Yorke served as treasurer until 1955.

Both Leaf and Yorke were directors of the London & Westminster Bank (elected 1891 and 1903, respectively).

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Season 4 Photo Journals

Season 4 Route

Indonesia to Thailand Sailing

Australia Driving and Sailing

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Trustees of the BSA

The three founding Trustees of the BSA were:

• (Sir) James Tynte Agg-Gardner, MP (1846-1928): Harrow; Trinity College, Cambridge. Chairman of the Cheltenham Original Brewery Company Ltd. Returned as Conservative MP for Cheltenham in 1885.
  
• Pandeli Ralli (1845-1928). A founding member of the member of the Hellenic Society. Returned as Liberal MP for Bridport (1875-80); and for Wallingford (1880-85). Resigned as Trustee in 1900.
  
• Charles Waring (c. 1827-1887). Contractor for the railways (Waring Brothers); projects included St Pancras railway station in London. Liberal MP for Poole.
  

Waring and Agg-Gardner were replaced by:

• (Sir) Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1841-1905). Trinity College, Cambridge. Professor Greek, Glasgow (1875-89). Regius Professor of Greek, Cambridge (1889-). Conservative MP for Cambridge. Knighted 1900.
• Dr Edwin Freshfield (1832-1918). Winchester; Trinity College, Cambridge. Solicitor (whose clients included the Gladstones; 'solicitors to the Bank of England'); senior partner (1903-18). His father-in-law, J.F. Hanson, was the Levant Company's representative in Smyrna.

Ralli was replaced in 1900 by:

• George Augustin Macmillan (1855-1936). Eton. Publisher. London secretary of the BSA 1886-98.

Jebb's place was filled in 1906 by:

• Dr Walter Leaf (1852-1927). Harrow; Trinity College, Cambridge. London banker. Honorary Treasurer of the BSA 1886-1906.
  

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Publishing the results of BSA projects

Articles on BSA projects were initially published in The Journal of Hellenic Studies and then in The Annual of the British School at Athens (from vol. 1 for the session 1894/95). Reports on major projects (Megalopolis, Phylakopi and Sparta) then appeared as Supplementary Papers for the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies:

• Gardner, E. A., W. Loring, G. C. Richards, W. J. Woodhouse, and R. W. Schultz. 1892. Excavations at Megalopolis, 1890-1891. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
• Atkinson, T. D., R. C. Bosanquet, C. C. Edgar, A. J. Evans, D. G. Hogarth, D. Mackenzie, C. Harcourt-Smith, and F. B. Welch. 1904. Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, Supplementary Paper, vol. 4. London: Macmillan.
  
• Dawkins, R. M. 1929. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, Supplementary Paper, vol. 5. London: Macmillan. [digital]
  

These Supplementary Papers also published the results of the Asia Minor Exploration Fund:

• Headlam, A. C. 1892. Ecclesiastical sites in Isauria (Cilicia Trachea). Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 2. London: Macmillan.

The third Supplementary Paper was relevant to the work in Athens:

• Middleton, J. H. (ed. E.A. Gardner) 1900. Plans and drawings of Athenian buildings. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 3. London: Macmillan.

Results from excavations at Palaikastro were published after the First World War as a supplement to the Annual:

• Bosanquet, R. C., and R. M. Dawkins. 1923. The unpublished objects from Palaikastro excavations, 1902-1906. British School at Athens supplementary papers, vol. 1. London: British School at Athens.

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Staff at the British Legation (1881-1918)

The British Ministers in Athens were a welcome support for the School:

• Sir (Francis) Clare Ford (March 1881-December 1884)
  
• Sir Horace Rumbold (1884-88)
  
• Sir Edmund (John) Monson (1888-92)
  
• Sir Edwin (Henry) Egerton (1841-1916) (1892-1903). Son of the Rev. Thomas Egerton of Shropshire; nephew of the First Lord Egerton of Tatton; entered diplomatic service 1859; secretary to the British Legation in Buenos Aires 1879; secretary at Athens 1881; agent and consul-general in Egypt 1884-86; briefly secretary at Constantinople, and from 1886 first secretary in Paris. Companion of the Bath 1886; KCB 1897; GCMG 1902. Appointment to Athens announced January 20, 1892; 'kissed hands' with the Queen, March 12, 1892. Subsequently British Ambassador in Madrid: announced November 3, 1903; departed December 29, 1903. 'Sir Edwin took the warmest interest in the progress of antiquarian research in Greece, and especially in the work of the British School of Archaeology, to which he rendered important services' (The Times, December 30, 1903).
  
• Sir Francis Elliot (1904-17). GCMG 1917. Left Athens: June 17, 1917.
  
• Lord Granville (1917-)
  

George Macmillan noted the 'friendly relations' with the staff of the British Legation.

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Scotland and the BSA

Apart from Oxford and Cambridge, one of the main groups admitted to the BSA in the period up to 1914 consisted of students from Scotland. A key influence was (Sir) William Ramsay (1851-1939), a graduate of the university of Aberdeen, who continued his studies at St John’s College, Oxford. Ramsay had travelled widely in Asia Minor and was elected a research fellow at Exeter College in 1882. He was subsequently appointed to the Lincoln and Merton Chair of Classical Archaeology at Oxford in 1885, before moving back to Aberdeen in 1886 where he was Regius professor of humanity.

At least three of Ramsay’s students completed their studies at Aberdeen and then continued their studies in England.

• John G.C. Anderson, son of the Revd Alexander Anderson, from Morayshire. On completing his studies in Aberdeen Anderson went to Christ Church as an exhibitioner (1891-96) aged 20, and then out to the BSA as Craven University Fellow. He was involved with the publication of epigraphic material from the School’s excavation at Kynosarges, and then travelled in Anatolia making a special study of Phrygia. One of Anderson’s achievements was the plotting of a map of Asia Minor.
• William Moir Calder, the son of a farmer. He went to Robert Gordon College, Aberdeen (1894-99), then Aberdeen University, where he obtained a 1st class in Classics (1903). Like Anderson he was admitted to Christ Church as an Exhibitioner (1903), aged 22. On completing his studies in 1907, he was admitted first to the British School at Rome under Thomas Ashby. Like Anderson he had an expertise in epigraphy.
• Margaret Masson Hardie, the daughter of a farmer from Chapelton, Drumblade near Elgin. She had been educated at Elgin Academy before moving to Aberdeen University where she obtained a 1st class in classics. She then continued her studies at Newnham College, obtaining a first in classics. She was admitted to the BSA in 1911/12 and assisted with Ramsay's epigraphic survey of the sanctuary of Men Askaenos at the Roman colony of Pisidian Antioch.

This pattern of continuing studies in England is found for students from Glasgow and Dundee. Two of the BSA students had previously studied at Glasgow.

• James George Frazer had studied at Larchfield Academy, Helensburgh, and then at the University of Glasgow (1869-74). Among the influences there was George Gilbert Ramsay, professor of humanity (1863-1906), who had been educated at Trinity College, Oxford. At the age of 20 Frazer went to Trinity College, Cambridge (1874-78) where he obtained a 1st class in the Classical Tripos (1878). Frazer was admitted to the BSA as a mature student to work on Pausanias.
• One of G.G. Ramsay’s other pupils was Campbell Cowan Edgar, from Tongland, Kirkubrightshire. He was educated at Ayr Academy, then Glasgow University (1887-91). For part of this time Edgar studied under (Sir) Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1875-89) and Gilbert Murray (1889-99), consecutive holders of the chair of Greek at Glasgow. After Glasgow, Edgar became Bible Clerk at Oriel College (1891), at the age of 20, continuing his study of classics (1891-95). The award of a Craven Fellowship allowed him to study in Athens where he gained archaeological experience at Kynosarges and on Melos. His contemporary at Oxford and in Athens was Anderson. Edgar worked with David Hogarth at Naukratis and shortly afterwards joined the catalogue commission in Cairo.

Other students from Scotland included:

• Hilda Lorimer, the daughter of Revd Robert Lorimer, was educated at Dundee High School at the University College, Dundee (1889-93) where she obtained a 1st class in classics. At the age of 20 she obtained a scholarship to continue her studies at Girton College, Cambridge, obtaining a first class in 1896. She was admitted to the School as Pfeiffer Travelling Student (1901-02) and was able to work with W. Dörpfeld of the German School.
• Duncan Mackenzie, who had studied in Edinburgh (1882-90), chose to study on continental Europe. He completed a doctorial thesis on Lycian sculpture from the University of Vienna (1895). His experience of continental archaeological training soon put him to good use in the BSA excavations on Melos, and then with Evans at Knossos.

Few students from Scotland were admitted directly from Scotland. During the session 1894/95 two theology students from Aberdeen went sent out:

• John Garrow Duncan, from Aberdeen, by the Church of Scotland.
• A.F. Findlay, by the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland.

Both worked specifically at modern Greek. Duncan became interest in Egyptian antiquities and worked with Petrie in Egypt and Palestine. Findlay worked specifically on the account of Paul at Athens in the Acts of the Apostles.

In 1895 there was a concerted move to improve the financial situation of the BSA. The appeal to the treasury was supported by academics from several universities in Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. This seems to have encouraged the admission of a number of students direct from Scotland.

• Archibald Paterson, an Edinburgh graduate, who went to Athens 1895/96, to work on Christian antiquities.
• W.W. Reid was a student of Ramsay in Aberdeen. Reid was admitted to the BSA on a Blackie Travelling Studentship (1896-97). He travelled through Asia Minor and Cyprus. He was later ordained a minister in the Church of Scotland.
• William Alexander Curtis, who had studied theology at Edinburgh, went to Athens at the age of 21 (1897-98), and was later to become a colleague of Ramsay at Aberdeen as professor of systematic theology (1903-15) before returning to Edinburgh.
• Mary Hamilton, a graduate of the University of St Andrews, was admitted to the BSA as a holder of a Research Fellowship under the Carnegie Trust (1905-06, 1906-07). She worked at the interface of theology and the classical world, in particular the custom of incubation.
• John Arnott Hamilton, an ordained minister and Edinburgh graduate, was admitted to the BSA at a mature student (1913-14). He had a long-standing interest in church architecture, and went out to Athens as a holder of the Blackie Scholarship to study Byzantine architecture completing a work on the church at Kaisariani.

Two former students of architecture at the Glasgow School of Art were admitted:

• David Theodore Fyfe (1899/1900), who became architect to the excavations at Knossos.
  
• Frank G. Orr (1905/06).

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Excavation Equipment: Melos, 1896

Robert Carr Bosanquet described landing on Melos with the project equipment in April 1896:

Then came a mule-ride—that is to say our luggage rode and we walked—of three quarters of an hour up to Trypiti. As the luggage included a bath, 2 cameras, 2 large portmanteaux, 1 Gladstone, 1 hold-all, 1 big roll, 1 bag and 117 small paper parcels, it was rather hard to arrange them all on 2 mules. The one that carried the bath looked like a new kind of tortoise.

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Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle Review

Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle Review
By Leon Lioe

I just finished reading this book "Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle" and would like to do an honest review about it. Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle has a big volume, it consists of 17 chapters and over 300 pages. I am not going to list the chapters here. If you want, you can view them by following the link at the end of this article. Despite its size, this book contains no "fluff" at all. In fact, all the chapters give you important information about losing weight and living a healthy lifestyle. I find the book very easy to read and motivating. After reading the book, you will feel that you've known your body much better and ready to embark on a healthy journey.

However, do keep in mind that this is not for people who are looking for a quick fixes or another diet program. In fact, it does not offer any diet program. This book is not about weight or fat loss per se, it teaches you how to cultivate a healthy lifestyle. You will learn that different people have different body types, how to recognize your own body type and identify what it needs. It provides you the knowledge and tool to calculate the exact amount of nutrients your body needs and how to adjust your own diet for optimal result.

If you study and apply the techniques taught in "Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle (BFFM)", you will have created a "formula" that you can use for healthy living for the rest of your life. What I really like about BFFM compared to other weight loss books is the fact that I feel like I have gone through a proper education on total wellness. You will begin to understand that living a healthy lifestyle forever is not that complicated at all, what you need is just a little knowledge and motivation. Knowledge is indeed very powerful and it will never die.

After reading BFFM, I have now changed and adapted to a more healthy lifestyle. I can now keep a precise record of what I eat and based my food choices on the healthy formula I have created for my body type. If you are serious about losing weight and obtaining a total health for the rest of your life, this book is definitely worth checking out.

Health is definitely the most precious asset in our life and I am glad that the author of BFFM recognize this fact. I believe this book can help every men and women around the world who want to achieve a total health in their life. By the way, BFFM also comes with some great bonuses which in my opinion are already worth more than the price of the book.

Click here for more information about BFFM and the topics of its 17 chapters.

Leon is an Infopreneur dedicated to sharing his online discoveries across the net. You can visit his blogs at Leon's Self-Development Blog and Health Buzz Zone.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Leon_Lioe

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Excavations: Ernest A. Gardner (1887-95)

Archaeological fieldwork was initiated during the directorship of Ernest Gardner who had gained experience in Egypt with Flinders Petrie at Naukratis. The first major project (from 1887) was on the island of Cyprus, supported by the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies (Cyprus Exploration Fund).

The first excavation on mainland Greece was at Megalopolis. This proved to be controversial over the interpretation of the theatre.

Smaller projects were then attempted, first at Aegosthena in 1893, directed by E.F. Benson. The following year A.G. Bather and V.W. Yorke explored two sites, Abae and Hyampolis, in Phocis.

The financial position did not allow further field projects in the session 1894/95. However, a preliminary excavation at Alexandria was made in April 1895 by David G. Hogarth with assistance from two BSA students, E.F. Benson and Edwyn Robert Bevan.

A regional survey of Aetolia was conducted in 1892 and 1893 by W.J. Woodhouse (who had gained experience at Megalopolis).

Such work was in marked contrast to the other Schools in Greece: for example, the French at Delphi and on Delos, the Americans at the Argive Heraion, and the Germans in Athens itself.

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Regular Exercise Can Extend Men's Lives

A Little Regular Exercise Extends Men's Lives
Brisk 30-minute walk a few days a week cut death risk in half, study found.

(HealthDay News) -- Even a moderate amount of exercise can dramatically prolong a man's life, new research on middle-aged and elderly American veterans reveals.

The government-sponsored analysis -- the largest such study ever -- found that a regimen of brisk walking 30 minutes a day at least four to six days a week was enough to halve the risk of premature death from all causes.

"As you increase your ability to exercise -- increase your fitness -- you are decreasing in a step-wise fashion the risk of death," said study author Peter Kokkinos, director of the exercise testing and research lab in the cardiology department of the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

That conclusion applies more or less equally to white and black men, regardless of their prior history of cardiovascular disease. According to Kokkinos, that may be because the veterans in the study all received the same level of care, regardless of income.

This evened the playing field, he said, giving him "great confidence" in the results, which will be published in the Feb. 5 issue of Circulation and were released online Jan. 22.

In the study, Kokkinos and his team reviewed information gathered by the VA from 15,660 black and white male patients treated either in Palo Alto, Calif., or in Washington, D.C.

The men ranged in age from 47 to 71 and had been referred to a VA medical facility for a clinically prescribed treadmill exercise test sometime between 1983 and 2006. All participants were asked to run until fatigued, at which point the researchers recorded the total amount of energy expended and oxygen consumed.

The numbers were then crunched into "metabolic equivalents," or METS. In turn, the researchers graded the fitness of each man according to his MET score, ranging from "low-fit" (below 5 METS) to "very-high fit" (above 10 METS).

By tracking fatalities through June 2007, Kokkinos and his colleagues found that for both black and white men it was their fitness level, rather than their age, blood pressure or body-mass index, that was most strongly linked to their future risk for death.

Every extra point in MET conferred a 14 percent reduction in the risk for death among black men, and a 12 percent reduction among whites. Among all participants, those categorized as "moderately fit" (5 to 7 METS) had about a 20 percent lower risk for death than "low-fit" men. "High-fit" men (7 to 10 METS) had a 50 percent lower risk, while the "very high fit" (10 METS or higher) cut their odds of an early death by 70 percent.

"The point is, it takes relatively little exercise to achieve the benefit we found," noted Kokkinos. "Approximately two to three hours per week of brisk walking per week. That's just 120 to 200 minutes per week. And this can be split up throughout the week, and throughout the day. So it's doable in the real world."

Alice H. Lichtenstein, director of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Lab at Tufts University's USDA Human Nutrition Research Center in Boston, agreed.

"What this finding demonstrates is that levels of physical activity that should be achievable by anyone can have a real benefit with respect to risk reduction," she said.

"What's really important to understand is that you don't need special clothes, special memberships, special equipment," added Lichtenstein, former chairwoman of the American Heart Association's nutrition committee. "It's something everyone can engage in. And although we don't know from this research that this applies to women as well, there's no reason to suspect that it wouldn't."

SOURCES: Peter Kokkinos, Ph.D., director, exercise testing and research lab, cardiology department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington D.C.; Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc., director, Cardiovascular Nutrition Lab, Gershoff professor of nutrition, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, and former vice chair, nutrition committee, American Heart Association; Jan. 22, 2008, Circulation, online.

This is a story from HealthDay, a service of ScoutNews, LLC.
Copyright © 2008 ScoutNews LLC. All rights reserved.

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Passage Blurbs: Thailland to Maldives

View Map of Location

Uligan Atoll, Maldives: 58 Feet in Sand
Trip Summary - 1581 nM, 290 hours, Ave 5.4 Knots
Nautical Miles to Date - 23,611

Outer Anchorage

Route from Thailand to Maldives

Night 12 - Jan 28, 2008

1495 nM down - 40 nM to go Slow Calm Day - Slow Sailing to Arrive Tomorrow AM See Blog: Passage Making

KT kicking it

Night 10 - AIS Sandwich - Jan 26, 2008

1287 nM down - 245 nM to go Light Wind on the Nose - Motoring

Billabong Sandwich: from our new AIS system
The Arrows are container ships tracks
Billabong (+ with Rings) length:12m speed: 5kt
Port- Tanker length: 340m speed:15kt
Starboard- Container length: 272m speed: 22kt

Night 8 - Jan 24, 2008

1062 nM down - 464 nM to go

Playing with Dolphins

Night 7 - Jan 23, 2008

910 nM down - 615 nM to go

B-Day Feast: Sashimi and Brownies

Night 5 - Jan 21, 2008

594 nM down - 931 nM to go

Caught FOUR Tuna at Once Kept Two - Freezer is Full

Night 3 - Jan 19, 2008

340 nM down - 1192 nM to go

Mahi-Mahi and Ice Cream

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Archaeology in Greece (1886-1921)

A report on archaeological work was initiated by Penrose in the first year of the School. This was continued initially by Jane Harrison, and then by Ernest Gardner as director. It was sometimes authored or co-authored by the assistant director or librarian (Richards, Bosanquet, Tod, Hasluck, Droop). When the Annual was started the report appeared in both the Journal of Hellenic Studies and the Annual (1894/95, 1895/96). Wace contributed a single report on work in Asia Minor (1903).

Penrose, F. C. 1887. "Excavations in Greece, 1886-1887." Journal of Hellenic Studies 8: 269-77.
Harrison, J. E. 1888. "Archaeology in Greece, 1887-1888." Journal of Hellenic Studies 9: 118-33.
Gardner, E. A. 1889. "Archaeology in Greece, 1888-89." Journal of Hellenic Studies 10: 254-80, pl. viii.
—. 1890. "Archaeology in Greece, 1889-90." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 210-17.
—. 1891. "Archaeology in Greece, 1890-91." Journal of Hellenic Studies 12: 385-97.
—. 1892/3. "Archaeology in Greece, 1892." Journal of Hellenic Studies 13: 139-52.
—. 1894. "Archaeology in Greece, 1893-94." Journal of Hellenic Studies 14: 224-32.
—. 1894/5. "Archaeology in Greece, 1894-5." Annual of the British School at Athens 1: 55-66.
—. 1895. "Archaeology in Greece, 1894-5." Journal of Hellenic Studies 15: 202-10.
Smith, C. 1895/6. "Archaeology in Greece, 1895-6." Annual of the British School at Athens 2: 47-62.
—. 1896. "Archaeology in Greece, 1895-6." Journal of Hellenic Studies 16: 335-56.
Richards, G. C. 1898. "Archaeology in Greece, 1897-1898." Journal of Hellenic Studies 18: 328-39.
Hogarth, D. G., and R. C. Bosanquet. 1899. "Archaeology in Greece, 1898-9." Journal of Hellenic Studies 19: 319-29.
Bosanquet, R. C. 1900. "Archaeology in Greece, 1899-1900." Journal of Hellenic Studies 20: 167-81.
—. 1901. "Archaeology in Greece, 1900-1901." Journal of Hellenic Studies 21: 334-52.
Bosanquet, R. C., and M. N. Tod. 1902. "Archaeology in Greece, 1901-1902." Journal of Hellenic Studies 22: 378-94.
Wace, A. J. B. 1903. "Recent excavations in Asia Minor." Journal of Hellenic Studies 23: 335-55.
Dawkins, R. M. 1907. "Archaeology in Greece (1906-1907)." Journal of Hellenic Studies 27: 284-99.
—. 1908a. "Archaeology in Greece, 1907-1908." Journal of Hellenic Studies 28: 319-36.
—. 1908b. "Archaeology in Greece: a correction." Journal of Hellenic Studies 28: 153.
—. 1909. "Archaeology in Greece, 1908-1909." Journal of Hellenic Studies 29: 354-65.
—. 1910. "Archaeology in Greece, 1909-1910." Journal of Hellenic Studies 30: 357-64.
—. 1911. "Archaeology in Greece (1910-1911)." Journal of Hellenic Studies 31: 296-307.
Hasluck, F. W. 1912. "Archaeology in Greece 1911-1912." Journal of Hellenic Studies 32: 385-90.
Droop, J. P. 1913. "Archaeology in Greece, 1912-1913." Journal of Hellenic Studies 33: 361-68.
Wace, A. J. B. 1921. "Archaeology in Greece, 1919-1921." Journal of Hellenic Studies 41: 260-76.

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Megalopolis

The excavations started in 1890/91 and continued for three seasons. The work prompted a major debate about the nature of the Greek theatre.

The excavation team consisted of:

• Ernest A. Gardner (director)
• William Loring
• J.G. Milne
• A.G. Bather
• G.C. Richards
• E.F. Benson
  

The project architect was Robert Weir Schultz.

Select bibliography
Benson, E. F. 1892. "The Thersilion at Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 13: 319-27.
Dörpfeld, W., E. A. Gardner, and W. Loring. 1891. "The theatre at Megalopolis." Classical Review 5: 284-85.
Gardner, E. A. 1894. "Notes on Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 14: 242-43.
Gardner, E. A., W. Loring, G. C. Richards, and W. J. Woodhouse. 1890. "The theatre at Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 294-98.
Gardner, E. A., W. Loring, G. C. Richards, W. J. Woodhouse, and R. W. Schultz. 1892. Excavations at Megalopolis, 1890-1891. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary papers; no. 1. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
Loring, W. 1890. "A new portion of the edict of Diocletian from Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 299-342.
—. 1892. "The theatre at Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 13: 356-58.

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Epigraphy and Cambridge students

Ernest Stewart Roberts (1847-1912) was one of the significant influences on Cambridge students for the study of epigraphy. He was college lecturer in classics at Gonville & Caius (and later Master). One of his students was Ernest Gardner (1862-1939), the first student at and second director of the BSA. They later collaborated on Roberts' two volume Introduction to Greek Epigraphy (1887-1905).

Gardner had published the Greek inscriptions from Petrie's excavations at Naukratis as well as studies of Cockerell's notes on Greek inscriptions. Henry J.W. Tillyard (1881-1968) was also a student at Caius. He was admitted to the BSA as assistant librarian (1904/05) and took part in the work in Laconia publishing the inscriptions from Geraki and Sparta (1906, 1907).

Few other Cambridge students published inscriptions. William Loring (1865-1915) published a fragment from the Edict of Diocletian from Megalopolis, and some new inscriptions from the site of ancient Tegea. Vincent Yorke (1869-1957) took part in the surveys of eastern Anatolia and published some of the finds. Caroline Amy Hutton (c. 1861-1931) published some funerary texts from Suvla Bay, and the Greek inscriptions from Petworth House.

Alan Wace (and Maurice Thompson) published a Latin inscription of the reign of Trajan that they had noted in Macedonia. However they seemed to have passed their notes on inscriptions to Oxford-trained Marcus N. Tod and Arthur M. Woodward.

Select bibliography
Gardner, E. A. 1885a. "Inscriptions copied by Cockerell in Greece, I." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 143-52.
—. 1885b. "Inscriptions copied by Cockerell in Greece, II." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 340-63.
—. 1885c. "Inscriptions from Cos, &c." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 248-60.
—. 1886. "An inscription from Chalcedon." Journal of Hellenic Studies 7: 154-56.
—. 1887. "An inscription from Boeae." Journal of Hellenic Studies 8: 214-15.
—. 1893. "The Archermus inscription." Classical Review 7: 140-41.
Hutton, C. A. 1914/16a. "The Greek inscriptions at Petworth House." Annual of the British School at Athens 21: 155-65.
—. 1914/16b. "Two sepulchral inscriptions from Suvla Bay." Annual of the British School at Athens 21: 166-68.
Loring, W. 1890. "A new portion of the edict of Diocletian from Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 299-342.
—. 1895. "Four fragmentary inscriptions." Journal of Hellenic Studies 15: 90-92.
Tillyard, H. J. W. 1904/05a. "Boundary and mortgage stones from Attica." Annual of the British School at Athens 11: 63-71.
—. 1904/05b. "Laconia II. Geraki. 3. Inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 11: 105-12.
—. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 9. Inscriptions from the Artemisium." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 351-93.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 14. Inscriptions from the altar, the acropolis, and other sites." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 441-79.
Tod, M. N. 1922. "Greek inscriptions from Macedonia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 42: 167-83.
Tod, M. N., H. J. W. Tillyard, and A. M. Woodward. 1906/07. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 10. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 174-218.
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1910/11. "A Latin inscription from Perrhaebia." Annual of the British School at Athens 17: 193-204.
Wace, A. J. B., and A. M. Woodward. 1911/12. "Inscriptions from Upper Macedonia." Annual of the British School at Athens 18: 166-88.
Woodward, A. M. 1913. "Inscriptions from Thessaly and Macedonia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 33: 313-46.
Yorke, V. W. 1898. "Inscriptions from eastern Asia Minor." Journal of Hellenic Studies 18: 306-27.

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The Cambridge Prendergast Studentships

The Cambridge Prendergast Studentships are awarded

for study or research in the language, literature, history, philosophy, archaeology, or art of ancient Greece, according to a course proposed by the Student and approved by the Electors. The Electors may waive the normal requirement that some considerable portion of the year shall be spent away from Cambridge.

The studentship was established in January 1889 by Mrs Elizabeth Sophia Prendergast and named after Colonel William Grant Prendergast (1815-58) formerly of Trinity College. The first holder was Charles Alexander MacLean Pond (1864-93) of St John's College for the period 1890/92. He held this alongside the chair of Classics and English at Auckland, New Zealand (1890-3).

The electors invited

applications from any member of the University who has passed some final examination for the degree of B.A. in any year provided not more than four years have elapsed since December 19 next following the said final examination. The student is to devote himself to study or research in the Greek language, literature, history, philosophy, archaeology or art, according to a course proposed by himself and approved by the electors. The student will receive £200 for one year. He will be required to conduct his research away from Cambridge for a considerable portion of the year. The studentship is not tenable with the Craven studentship.

(1902)

The BSA students holding the studentship include (in date order):

• Arthur George Bather, King's College: 1892/93.
• Edward Frederic Benson, King's College: 1894/95.
• Frederick Arthur Charles Morrison, Jesus College: 1896/97.
• Charles Douglas Edmonds, Emmanuel College: 1898/99.
• John Hubert Marshall, King's College: 1900/01.
• Alan John Bayard Wace, Pembroke College: 1902/03 and 1904/05.
• John Percival Droop, Trinity College: 1907/08.
• Arnold Wycombe Gomme, Trinity College: 1908/09.
• Cecil Allison Scutt, Clare College: 1912/13.

Not all holders of the Prendergast Greek Studentship went to Greece.

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Chris´ Photo Links

The internet is still slow and I am still not patient, so have not gotten many pics online. I did get a couple of Ushuaia - Literally, like 2... and you can view them here.

Chris has more:

Fitz Roy

Puerto Moreno Glacier

Torres Del Paine

Enjoy!

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Chicago Ain´t Got Nothin´ on Laguna Nordenskjold!

I am going to write another weight loss book – the premise is this - carry around a 40 pound backpack for 10 days and only eat oatmeal, tuna and packaged soup. Oh, and don´t shower. I think that helps too.

We just got finished with a 9 day hike in Parque National Torres del Paine. We competed the ¨circuit¨, which goes around several different peaks, including Paine Grande (aka Major Paine), Paine Sud, Paine Nord and Paine Central.

Some Stats:
Number of cans of tuna eaten: 13
Number of bugs eaten: 8
Number of bugs snorted: 6
Number of miles hiked: 100
Number of days without a shower: 9
Longest hike in one day: 20 miles
Longest hill: 3 hours STRAIGHT UP

A quick rundown of our trip is as follows.

Day 1: The Day We Had Cheese
This was our first day, so we were able to carry cheese for a little while and eat it on the trail along the way. Oh, cheese, how I miss you so! We hiked about 6 hours and set up camp about halfway up the mountain. The camp is nice; the bathrooms are semi clean, no TP, but that is what was expected.

Day 2: The Day That Was Easy
We purposefully made an easy day for today, as CK´s knee was bothering him and we also had decided to take the whole trail slow so as to enjoy every minute of it. We hiked up to a Mirador (lookout) which afforded us a beautiful view of the three aformetioned peaks (all but Grande). Then we took another easy hike before playing Hearts and making my favorite dinner, packaged soup.

Day 3: The Day S Got La Guardia/ The Day We Almost Got Blown Away
S woke up very sick and so after leaving him at the guard station, we kept on. Today we had scheduled 10 hours of hiking. The way they set up the camps is kind of weird. You have one camp 3 hours away and one 10 hours away. So you can either hike 3 hrs or 10. We chose 10. The hike was not too bad until we got to Lake Nordenskjold. Then the wind picked up. It was so strong it was blowing us over. Literally. I fell and scraped up my knee and CK fell over backwards into the bushes. It was brutal. It was also our last 2 hours and so we were tired already. We finally made it into camp around 730 pm and fell almost immediately to sleep. Since we are still so far south, it still stays light at least until 10, so it is a little hard to get to sleep, but with an eyeshade and some earplugs and a hard days hike, anything is possible.

Day 4: The Day I Stuck My Feet in a Glacier
We ONLY hiked 7 hours today. When we got to camp, I felt so dirty, so I went to the river and had a VERY cold bird bath. It is refreshing, as Dad would say. Invigorating as well.

Day 5: The Day We Walked Uphill Both Ways
Another 10 hour day and the last hour and a half was totally uphill. No break. Every time we thought we had gotten to the top of the hill, we were wrong, it was only more uphill again. There were a lot of bugs in camp, so we took defensive action and hid out in the tent. Unfortunately, we have to eat, so we had to brave the swarm for a little while.

Day 6: The Spa Day
Today we only hiked 3 hours. It was mostly uphill. We decided to save the rest for the next day, as it was a 6 hour hike from 250 M to 1250 M, so we knew it was going to be a difficult one. We took a spa day today, washed our socks and selves as much as we could, cooked a hot lunch (oh, bliss, top ramen) and relaxed in preparation for the hard day ahead.

Day 7: The Day Our Knees Hated Us
6 hours, 12 K, steep, steep uphill for 2.5 hrs, then steep, steep downhill for 3 hours. In some places there was no trail, only rocks. We had to blaze our own path. It was really hard on the knees! However, we got to the tallest point of the hike, Paso John Gardner, which is 1250 M, and afforded really beautiful views of Glacier Grey, which we had been hiking along side of for the past few days.

Day 8: The Day We Joined a Bug Colony
The bugs are getting really bad. I have bites everywhere. Our hike today was fairly flat, but very, very long. We hiked 30 km today and by the time we got to camp (11 hrs later) we were so tired and annoyed with bugs and ready to just relax. We ate the rest of our food – we had a Thanksgiving feast – 3 different kinds of soup! Then instead of battling mosquitos, we went to bed.

Day 9: The Day My Dogs Barked
Oh my feet. Thank goodness, they have not hurt before, but today they hurt! Luckily we only had a 4.5 hour hike to the end of the trail and let me tell you, when I saw the end, I was soooo happy. The hike has been fun, but I really can´t wait to take off my boots and stinky socks and get into a shower. My pants can stand up on their own. Actually my hair probably can too!

We are now in Puerto Natales, waiting for our flight to Puerto Montt, which is tomorrow (hopefully!) From there we will visit the island of Chiloe and then the Lake District of Chile.

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Sparta 1910: the excavation team

The 1910 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Wilfrid J. Farrell
• Henry A. Ormerod

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1909/10a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 1-3.
—. 1909/10b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 2. The Mycenaean city near the Menelaion." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 4-11.
—. 1909/10c. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 3. The Eleusinion at Kalyvia tes Sochás." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 12-14.
—. 1909/10d. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 4. Artemis Orthia: the excavation of 1910." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 15-17.
—. 1909/10e. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 5. Artemis Orthia: the history of the sanctuary." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 18-53.
Woodward, A. M. 1909/10. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1910. § 6. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 16: 54-61.

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Sparta 1909: the excavation team

The 1909 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• John P. Droop
• A.M. Woodward
• Maurice S. Thompson
• Walter George (draughtsman and surveyor)

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1908/9. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 1-4.
—. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 2. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 5-22.
Droop, J. P. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 3. The pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 23-39.
Giles, P. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 5. Lycurgus as Patronomus. A Scottish parallel." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 107.
Wace, A. J. B., M. S. Thompson, and J. P. Droop. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 6. The Menelaion." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 108-57.
Woodward, A. M. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 4. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 40-106.

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Sparta 1908: the excavation team

The 1908 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• Guy Dickins
• John P. Droop
• A.M. Woodward
• 'other students'

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1907/08a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 1-3.
—. 1907/08b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 2. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 4-29.
Dickins, G. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 6. The hieron of Athena Chalkioikos." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 142-46.
Droop, J. P. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 3. The pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 30-47.
Farrell, J. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 4. The archaic terracottas from the sanctuary of Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 48-73.
Wace, A. J. B. 1907/08a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 7. A third-century marble head." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 147-48.
—. 1907/08b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 8. A hoard of Hellenistic coins." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 149-58.
Woodward, A. M. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 5. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 74-141.

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Sparta 1907: the excavation team

The 1907 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• Guy Dickins
• John P. Droop

Occasional help was provided by:

• H.J.W. Tillyard
• T.E. Peet
• A.M. Woodward
• W.S. George

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 1. The season's work and summary of results." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 1-4.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 4. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 44-108.
Dickins, G. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 7. The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 137-54.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 9. The sanctuary on the Megalopolis road." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 169-73.
Droop, J. P. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 5. The early bronzes." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 109-17.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 6. The early pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 118-36.
Tod, M. N., H. J. W. Tillyard, and A. M. Woodward. 1906/07. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 10. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 174-218.
Wace, A. J. B. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 2. The city walls." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 5-16.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 3. The stamped tiles." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 17-43.
Wace, A. J. B., and G. Dickins. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 8. The Hellenistic tombs." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 155-68.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia. I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 8. The tombs." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 155-68.

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Sparta 1906: the excavation team

The 1906 team consisted of:

• Robert Carr Bosanquet (Director)
• Guy Dickins
• H.J.W. Tillyard
• Mr Sejk (surveyor)
• Ramsay Traquair (architect)

Later the team was joined by

• Alan Wace
• Richard Dawkins (who took charge of the work at the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia)

Publications:
Bosanquet, R. C. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 277-83.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 5. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 303-17.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 7. The cult of Orthia as illustrated by the finds." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 331-43.
Dawkins, R. M. 1905/06. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 6. Remains of the Archaic Greek period." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 318-30.
Dickins, G. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 4. The great altar near the Eurotas." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 295-302.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 10. The theatre and adjoining area." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 394-406.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 13. Topographical conclusions." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 431-39.
Tillyard, H. J. W. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 9. Inscriptions from the Artemisium." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 351-93.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 14. Inscriptions from the altar, the acropolis, and other sites." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 441-79.
Traquair, R. 1905/06. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 12. The Roman stoa and the later fortifications." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 415-30.
Wace, A. J. B. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 2. The city wall." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 284-88.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 3. The heroön." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 288-94.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 8. The stamped tiles." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 344-50.
—. 1905/06d. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 11. The Roman baths (Arapissa)." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 407-14.

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Cambridge students and the influence of Sir William Ridgeway

(Sir) William Ridgeway was appointed Disney Professor at Cambridge in 1892 (in succession to Percy Gardner). He was to be a major influence on Cambridge students especially in the field of prehistory.

Among the students who are likely to have been influenced by him up to the First World War are, in order of study:

• Robert Carr Bosanquet: Trinity College, Part 2 1894.
• Frank Russell Earp: King's College, Part 2 1894.
• Frederick Arthur Charles Morrison: Jesus College, Part 2 1896.
• John Cuthbert Lawson: Pembroke College, Part 2 1897.
• Charles Douglas Edmonds: Emmanuel College, Part 2 1898.
• Clement Gutch: King's College, Part 2 1898.
• Solomon Charles Kaines Smith: Magdalene College, Part 2 1898.
• John Hubert Marshall: King's College, Part 2 1900.
• Frederick William Hasluck: King's College, Part 2 1901.
• Richard McGillivray Dawkins: Emmanuel College, Part 2 1902.
• John Laurence Stokes: Pembroke College, BA 1902.
• Alan John Bayard Wace: Pembroke College, Part 2 1902.
• John Percival Droop: Trinity College, Part 2 1904.
• Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard: Gonville & Caius College, Part 2 1904.
• Wilfred Jerome Farrell: Jesus College, Part 2 1905.
• Arnold Wycombe Gomme: Trinity College, Part 2 1908.
• Lawrence Berkley Tillard: St John's College, BA 1909.
• Eustace Mandeville Wetenhall Tillyard: Jesus College, Part 2 1911.
• Max Ludwig Wolfram Laistner: Jesus College, Part 2 1912.
• Cecil Allison Scutt: Clare College, Part 2 1912.

Among them are three directors (Bosanquet, Dawkins, Wace).

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7 Ways To Get Motivated For Exercise & Fitness

7 Ways To Get Motivated For Your Workout
By: Craig Ballantyne, CSCS, MS
www.TurbulenceTraining.com

There will be days (everyday?) when you don't feel like doing your workout.

Sometimes you don't want to get out of bed.

Sometimes you don't want to leave your office because you feel like there are too many deadlines (but this is when you need a workout the most!).

Sometimes you don't want to end story time with the kids only to head down to the basement gym.

It even happens to me.

But I knew how I'd feel like a million bucks after the workout.

And in the end, I know I can't let myself become "soft" and start skipping workouts. I have to lead by example.

But if you are set on achieving a goal, then when it's workouttime, come heck or high water you've got to bear down and do the job.

So here are 7 ways to get motivated for your workout and to get you inspired to get through your workout.

1. Reward yourself. Finish your workout and treat yourself to a magazine, a TV show, some extra time with your family, some new songs for your IPOD, or even a little extra time for yourself.

2. Or set up a punishment for missing workouts. Skip the workout, put $20 into a jar to spend on home repairs. Make sure your spouse controls the jar.

3. Review your goals everyday and every night. Keeping your goals fresh in your mind will help you stay on track.

4. Realize that the hardest part of the workout is often getting your butt to the gym. Once you get 5 minutes into the workout, you will be over the hump. So tell yourself, "I'll just go in and do 1 set of the first 2 exercises, then I can go". Next thing you know, you'll have done the entire workout.

5. Visualize yourself doing a great workout and finishing strong. Get yourself mentally prepared and you will literally have better workouts each time.

6. Crank the tunes. Seriously, nothing motivates like music.

7. Get social support. If you have a workout partner, you'll feel like crap if you let them down. Or become accountable to everyone in the Turbulence Training workout forums...if you don't post your workouts, they'll track you down and demand to know why you've fallen off track! So online or offline, get everyone on your side!

Now get out there and kick the fat to the curb.

Craig Ballantyne, turbulencetraining.com

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Top Brands Exercise Machines

Two Top - Reviewed Brands of Exercise Machines
By Lance Davidson

In the arena of workout equipment and exercise machines, there are a couple of names that stand out. In this piece, we will try to give you a little more insight into these brands.

One such brand is York home equipment. York's equipment includes treadmills, elliptical machines, exercise bikes, and rowing equipment. They now offer new "exercise while you play" equipment as well. The kilowatt system doesn't have any weights, plates or cables attached. You use your own body like a joystick of a video game and you can exercise as well as play!

For people who enjoy boxing and similar sports, York offers punching and swivel bags, shoes, gloves, etc. They also cover Martial Arts with their target and kick bags. For weight training, they carry the light York home gym equipment that is perfect for home workouts. Exercise machines and equipment such as dumbbells, braces, lat bars, incline and decline benches will definitely work different parts of your body like legs, arms and torso, giving you a full body workout.

Another equipment giant is Spirit. Spirit has been committed to making machines for over 20 years. This brand is manufactured in Jonesboro, Arkansas by Spirit Manufacturing, Inc. The pieces retail around $1,000-$2,000. The treadmills feature heavy-duty chassis and motors for optimum wear. The machines have powder-coated steel frames and stable inclines as well as balanced fly-wheels for a vibration-free running and walking platform.

They also carry the best warranties in the industry, upwards of 30 years. With models such as the X-T475, X-T375, and XT-175, you are sure to find an exercise machine to suit your needs. Spirit treadmills seem to be competing well with other brands. When it comes to quality reports and warranties, the latest exercise machines are receiving rave reviews and high praise!

Find the perfect exercise machine to get you in shape FAST at http://www.treadmillguy.info including platform treadmills.

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Passage Making

Current Location: Indian Ocean (underway from Thailand to Maldives)
Current Position: 05 59.4 N 079 39.3 E
Next Destination: Maldives

Ahhhh. The joys of passage making. The fresh sea air, crystal blue oceans, all the open space, and endless amounts of time. NOT! Try, motion sickness, headaches, never ending noise (either from the waves, winds, rigging, or sails), sleep deprived days, and endless amounts of boredom. I am not a sailor, and after four years of cruising can honestly and accurately state that I will never be one. I endure because it is a means to an end, but that doesn't mean there is an inkling of joy. Because of this it always entertains me to meet true, hearty, love-to-sail, sailors. I don't believe there are many of them, while most of us don't love passages, few hate them as I do, but few also relish in them. On this passage we are traveling with a couple who I believe actually enjoy the passage, even look forward to it. For a few days we were in VHF range with Uhuru, and Rudy (the husband of said couple), would call us occasionally to say hi. He sounded as though he was ready to spout rows of poetry at any minute. Ahhhh, he would say in his thick accent, this is beautiful, so beautiful, we have wind and are sailing, and ahh it is just wonderful. And he would say this as I watched their little 27 foot (yes, two-seven FEET) boat roll from side to side, just watching made me feel like hurling. They have no refrigeration and attempt to keep their boat light, so Chris and I spent much of our time pondering what they eat on passage since we know they hadn't done a major provision like us. When they caught a fish Rudy would call and tell us about the succulent meal they had. And when they caught extra fish, they salted them and set them out to dry. Rudy called as the sun was setting one evening to report, "this was a most magnificent day, I just took a perfect photograph, with freshly salted fish still dripping from the lifelines, dolphins playing beneath, and the white caps of the waves in the background." Then he sighed with what sounded to me like full contentment. While I didn't share his enthusiasm he did make me smile, and I could almost imagine that maybe I too was enjoying myself.

The one thing I can agree with Rudy on is the fishing. Finally, after the fishing drought of Indonesia, we are enjoying catching something other than plastic bags! On our third day out we caught a 1-1.5 meter Mahi Mahi. Fresh fish tacos at last. Then on the evening of the next day, just as the sun was setting, all three lines went - bam, Bam, BAM! We've got three fish, Chris yelled, as I started clearing cushions away. He unhooked the first (a yellowfin tuna) and threw it into our fish bag. He was dropping the line back in the water (to get it out of the way while we pulled in the other two), when BAM another tuna hooked on! The hook was only a few feet from the stern, he hadn't even finished letting the line back out. This was a true feeding frenzy! After that he left the lines piled in the cockpit rather than throwing them back in. We kept two of the four tuna, and I was a happy camper eating sashimi the next day at lunch. We didn't fish for the next couple of days, waiting for room in the freezer to open up, but with three to four days left till we reach the Maldives we are at it again, and I have no doubt Chris will reel in something tasty.

The tuna came in handy for Chris' birthday as well. On the 23rd we had a birthday celebration with heaps of sashimi followed by some warped brownies (brownies don't set too evenly when baked in a moving boat, they come out looking a bit like a topography map of the ocean floor).

And then came probably the most tiring night of the passage. As we came by Sri Lanka (where we didn't stop because of civil unrest), the shipping traffic was amazing. Huge freighters everywhere. We would've preferred to pass the area in the day, but as it was we were in the thick of things around 10pm and through to the morning. I took first watch, with Chris telling me to wake him for anything at all. I should explain that I'm not very good with freighters, especially at night. There is something about their lighting scheme that causes me trouble with figuring out how far away they are, and more importantly whether I'm in their way! Chris had only been down for about 30 minutes when he heard me turn the radar on. He asked if I was okay and I said there was a light that looked close but I couldn't see it on the radar and would he mind looking. One look and he said, That ship? It's miles away! He turned on the computer and the AIS (a very-nice-to-have ship tracking unit) and sure enough it was 12 nautical miles away. But it was sooo bright! As Chris went back to bed he commented, this is going to be a looong night!!! After that I managed okay on my first watch, now having a sense for the distance of all the lights on the horizon.

A few hours later, about one hour into Chris' watch I woke up and could hear him yelling. I had one ear plug in so I couldn't make out what he was saying, but I also noticed a bright light shining into our boat. I jumped up and rushed out, realizing at the same time that his voice didn't sound stressed, and he was saying, "No, no smokey, sorry". I put on a shirt and asked if everything was alright, yes he said, just a couple of fisherman. They stayed another few minutes asking again, "Smokey-smokey? Beer?", to which we replied no. By now my heart was back to a normal beating pattern and Chris and I had a good laugh over the visit. Probably the only three English words the fisherman know are; Smokey, Beer, and Fish. Throughout Indonesia and on into the area we will be traveling into, fisherman like to scope-out vessels going by. Curiosity, the chance for freebies, and probably boredom, send them buzzing like mosquitoes to a light towards yachts. If you aren't expecting it (and even sometimes when you are) it can be disconcerting; a fast approaching, unlit boat racing at you in the middle of the night. But in the end they tend to be very friendly and full of smiles (even if it is midnight). I think that a lot of the bad press some waters get is from such events. Even a boat ahead of us reported back a couple of weeks ago that they had been approached and had to turn on the engine to, as they put it, get away. Our guess is that it was just a curious fisherman taking a look and that the cruisers didn't 'get away' from anything. But it is hard not to be paranoid when you are out here alone, and perhaps the fisherman would be more successful at getting some freebies if they approached at more appropriate hours!

At about 4am I was back on watch. About an hour into my watch more lights appeared in front of us. I watched them for a bit; I could figure out the general direction they were traveling, but was having trouble (as usual) with the distance. I'm sure it's a good 10 miles out, I thought. But I figured I'd give the radar a look anyway (the lights did look a little bright). Chris, of course, heard the radar go on and asked if I wanted him to look. I told him no, that I thought it was pretty far away and was only double checking. About that time the radar had finished its warm up and I said, "OH, it's closer than I thought, only 2 miles away!" Chris got out of bed, looked out the cockpit and said, "Um, go starboard, now!" We went as far starboard as we could (we were already tight on the wind), and Chris looked at the AIS. About the same time the huge shape of the ship took form in a dark, massive way. Yep, I was just a wee bit too close for comfort. It was no dramas, we missed him, and neither of us panicked, but it puzzles Chris (and myself) how I can't tell the difference between a boat 12 miles away and one only 2 miles away! At that point we decided just to leave the AIS running, and boy did it make my life easier. I told Chris it's a good thing we didn't encounter this much shipping traffic in our first year of cruising, otherwise I might not still be out here! In our first three years of cruising (up until Australia) we hardly ever saw a thing out here, and now, on an hourly basis we see more ships than in all those years of cruising. Anyway, I'm so glad we have the AIS system, I'm guessing it will save us both a few grey hairs!

As I write this it is just after lunch on Friday. We are now close enough (about 410 miles) that I've started working out the math, on how much longer it will take pending various speeds. We've had good wind almost the entire trip, up, of course, until now. Now it is on the nose and quite light. On top of that we have a current against us. Boats last week reported terrific positive currents and so we've been looking forward to them since leaving, but have yet to find this magical current. I was quite excited this morning because all we had to average was 5.4 knots and we could arrive by the end of Sunday. That should be so easy, especially if we have current with us. But, alas, things don't look good, we are now barely making 4 knots, and since we aren't on course (thanks to the crappy wind direction), we are really only making 3.5 knots towards our destination, and are over 12 miles off course (by the way upon waking Saturday morning we were more tha 22 miles off course). At this rate we'll be lucky to arrive by Tuesday afternoon! Ah, yes, the joys of sailing!

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Fast Weight Loss Exercise Programs

For many people, losing weight is their first priority. From my own experience, I notice that those people who succeed in weight loss are those who have strong determination and discipline to stick with healthy diets and regular exercise.

Effective fat-burning exercise program doesn't need to be complicated. You will achieve your goal as long as you follow a healthy lifestyle and exercise regularly. In this post, I am going to share with you the exercise program by outlining an interval workout

Warm up is very important to prepare your muscles for an exercise activity. So make sure you do at least 5 to 10 minutes of warm up by stretching or jogging slowly.

If you're serious in losing weight, you should focus on interval training because it's a very effective form of exercise. The interval training routine is very simple, you perform a short burst but intense exercise followed by a recovery period. This routine is repeated over a period of time (20 minutes, 40 minutes or more), depending on your stamina.

Below is a sample of 20 minutes interval workout. Depending on your fitness level or stamina, you may want to increase or cut the period of time, but normally 20 minutes is good for most people. Make sure you do the full amount of time of warm up and cool down.


You will be able to lose weight and burn lot of fat FAST if you follow the interval training routine regularly and stick to healthy diets.

For more info on interval training, go to turbulence training.

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BSA Students and the Levant

Former students of the BSA later influenced archaeological work in Egypt, the Levant, India and Britain.

One of the earliest to work in the Levant was John Garrow Duncan, an ordained minister of the Church of Scotland, who went to Athens in 1894/95. From there his interests turned to Egypt where he assisted Flinders Petrie. Duncan's focus lay in the link between Egypt and the Old Tesament.

One of the most experienced BSA excavators, Duncan Mackenzie (1861-1934), was to join the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) as 'Explorer' in December 1909. One of his first projects was at Ain Shems (Beth-shemesh). However shortage of funds led to the dismissal of Mackenzie and the cessation of the work at Ain Shems.

British work continued in the Levant with David Hogarth’s work at Carchemish which started in 1911. One of the team, T.E. Lawrence, was later recruited on the eve of the First World War, to take part in the survey of the Sinai peninsula (‘the Wilderness of Zin'), a project initiated by Hogarth through the PEF.

Other former BSA students continued to make their mark in the Levant. John Winter Crowfoot (1873-1959), who had excavated on Melos and then worked in Egypt, was elected Director of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem (1927-35). During Crowfoot's directorship Duncan excavated at the Ophel Quarter in Jerusalem on behalf of the PEF. Agnes Conway (1885-1950) (see her father, William Martin Conway), who had been admitted to the BSA on the eve of the First World War, later married George Wilberforce Horsfield, Director of Antiquities in Trans-Jordan (1924-36), and they participated in fieldwork together.

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Inspiratory Muscle Trainer Can Help Older People To Exercise More

As we age, our respiratoty functions also decline...

This is one of the main reasons that's hampering the older adults to exercise. If older people are deterred from exercicing, their physical health can also decline quickly.

But, there is a technology called "inspiratory muscle trainer" that can help older people to exercise more easily. It's a small device that applies resistance as the user inhales through a valve. Study has shown that this device helps older people to gain breathing-muscle strength so that they can increase their physical activity.

Read the full story below....

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Exercise During Pregnancy Helps You Keep Healthy

If you pregnant, it is natural that you will have several questions in your mind about pregnancy symptoms, exercise, diet and what to do and what not to do while pregnant. Moreover, the first thing that comes to your mind is whether it is safe to exercise during pregnancy, as you want to stay fit and in shape but without compromising on the health of your unborn baby.

Myth Broken

It is a myth that exercises can be harmful to the unborn as well as the mother. In fact, physical movements are beneficial for both the mother and the child, as it not only reduces physical discomfort, but also reduces stress and labor length. Here is a list of general frequently asked questions with answers about exercise during pregnancy:

Is It Safe To Do Workouts?

Working out while being pregnant is not only safe but also healthy, provided you do not have any complications during the pregnancy period. However, it is recommended to consult your doctor or mid-wives and take their approval.

Why Is Exercise Necessary?

As per a research, working out or mild exercise during pregnancy helps in reducing backaches and swelling of ankles, and constipation, which are some of the most common problems faced by pregnant women. In addition, it also gives energy and makes you feel fresh.

Does Exercise Help During Pregnancy?

The answer is 'Yes'. Exercising promotes muscles, strength, and endurance, thereby, helping the mother to carry the weight gained during this period.

I Do A Rigorous Workout. Is It Safe?

According to a study in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, healthy, well-conditioned women who exercised before pregnancy may continue to do so throughout pregnancy, without compromising their baby's health or development.

For How Long Should I Exercise?

The workout should be approximately 45 minutes long and should include warm-ups, the actual workout and cool downs.

What Precautions Do I Need To Take While Exercising, As I Had Never Worked Out Before?

Talk to doctor or midwife, and as far as you have the permission to proceed from them, you can engage yourself in mild exercise, like walking or swimming.

Immediately After The Birth Of My Child, What Exercises Can I Do To Regain My Shape?

Make sure you are physically ready before you start with the process of regaining you shape. Once you think you are fit to start with the exercise, begin with stretching and firming exercises and then gradually adding to the second set of exercises.

Just remember that you need to follow normal exercise safety aspects like, drinking lots of water, stopping immediately if you feel any pain etc. Most importantly, remember to speak to your doctor before starting any exercise regime.

Under the supervision of a doctor, exercise during pregnancy can be highly beneficial. The unwanted pregnancy symptoms can be greatly overcome if pregnant women opt to exercise. For more information please visit http://www.pregnancy-period.com.

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Three Great Bodyweight Exercises For Fat Burning

Here are 3 great bodyweight exercises you can do anytime, anywhere to help you burn fat fast and stay energized. You don't need to buy any fancy equipment.

1. Single-Leg Exercise:
The single-leg squat to the floor exercise is one of the most effective bodyweight workout. You can also do single-leg squats with a band, or with a Stability Ball between your back and the wall.

2. Decline Push-ups
These are harder than normal pushups because your feet are elevated. In this position, you can use a close-grip to fatigue your triceps, a "piked-hip position" to build your shoulders, or even the Spiderman leg motion to work on your abs.

3. Bodyweight Inverted Rows
Most people choose these over chinups and pullups because bodyweight rows let your chest rest, while your back is strengthened. It's the perfect compliment to a pushup.

Do 8-12 repetitions per exercise. Don't rest between exercises. Go through the circuit up to 3 times, resting 1 minute after each circuit.

Go to Turbulence Training for more workout tips that can get you in shape fast.

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