Cleopatra All Info, Biography, Life, History, Family, Art,Makeup, Kingdom, Story, Friend, Childreen , English Story,

Cleopatra; Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC

Cleopatra Part 1

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Kurtuluş Savaşı Muharebeler Dönemi / İnkılap Tarihi Soru Çözümü #KPSS #AYT Genel Tekrar Tarih 2022"

5 Tarih, History,Çözümlü Tarih Sorulari, Video Soru Çözümleri,Nokta Atış Sorular, Kurtuluş Savaşı, Muharebeler Dönemi, İnkılap Tarihi,Kpss Tarih, Ayt,Genel Tekrar,Tarih Genel Tekrar,bayramcigerli.blogspot.com, Bayram Cigerli

 bayramcigerli.blogspot.com, Bayram Cigerli,

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"Turhan Sultan'dan Hümaşah'a Falaka Cezası | Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem

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Speaking to History: The Story of King Goujian in Twentieth-Century China

Speaking to History: The Story of King Goujian in Twentieth-Century China

Paul A. Cohen is Professor of History Emeritus at Wellesley College and Associate of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University. In his book, Speaking to History: The Story of King Goujian in Twentieth-Century China (UC Press, October 2008), he analyzes the relationship between past story and present reality in modern day China, where they still repeat tales from 25 centuries ago. Furthermore, Paul blogs about other tales and riddles in the blog below.

By Paul Cohen

My last book—History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth (1997)—dealt with one of the rare episodes in Chinese history that practically all Americans have at least heard of.  The book I’ve just published—Speaking to History: The Story of King Goujian in Twentieth-Century China (2008)—takes as its core theme an ancient story that is virtually unknown to Americans (except those of Chinese descent), even serious students of the time period covered.  Yet Chinese imbibe the story of King Goujian with their mother’s milk—the story is “in our bones,” a colleague from China confided to me not long ago—and it spoke to them powerfully throughout the last century.  I call this remarkable phenomenon “insider cultural knowledge,” which I identify as a kind of knowledge, encountered the world over, that is largely confined to a culture’s members, among whom it circulates widely in the form of stories learned from earliest childhood.  Why such stories remain sealed up within a culture, often completely unknown to outsiders (including those with substantial knowledge of the culture), is one of the riddles I explore in Speaking to History.

Another riddle, only slightly less puzzling, has to do with the relationship between past story and present reality that in China, as elsewhere, has exerted such power.  Why are peoples, at certain moments in their collective lives, especially drawn to narratives—commonly derived from the distant past—that resonate strongly with their present historical circumstances and speak to these circumstances in compelling ways?  This mating of story to history, abundantly demonstrated in the career of the Goujian saga during China’s turbulent twentieth century, forms a stratum of veiled meaning the illumination of which is one of the main tasks I set for myself in the book.

A larger point to be made about the connection between past story and present history is that it serves as a potent instrumentality for defining a culture’s boundaries, both objectively and subjectively.  Narratives like the Goujian story that are widely known among a culture’s members constitute a form of symbolic sharing that is absolutely key both to the culture’s objective existence and to an individual’s subjective sense of belonging to that culture.  Although missing from conventional historical accounts, such stories are important because of what they tell us about the interior world of a culture at particular moments in time, how those inhabiting this world felt—and how they talked and wrote—about the predicaments facing them, individually and collectively.  What is so astonishing is that, in spite of their importance, Western students of twentieth-century China (including myself) have in the past shown little awareness of their existence.  My hope is that, in Speaking to History, by focusing on one such story and the rich variety of ways in which it functioned over the course of a century, I have been able to convey some sense of what we have missed.

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Blog, Blogger History and Other Knows?

Blog, Blogger History and Other Knows?

artBlog is short for "web log" is a form of a web application that resembles writings (published as a post) on a public web page. The writings are often published in inverse order (newest first new content and then followed by the content of a more long), although not necessarily so. Web sites such as this usually can be accessed by all users of the Internet in accordance with the topics and goals of the user's blog.

History

Media blog first in popular by Blogger.com, owned by PyraLab before PyraLab the acquisition of Google.com by the end of the year 2002. Since then, there are many applications of open source is that the development of the blog author.

Blogs have a function that varies, from a daily record, the media publications in a political campaign, to programs and media companies. Some of the blog maintained by a single author, while in part by several other authors. Many also have a weblog that features interaction with its visitors, who can approve its visitors to leave comments on the contents of the text published, but there is also a vice or a non-interactive.

Web sites that related to the weblog, or a total collection of weblog is often referred to as the blogosphere. When a wave of activity, information and opinions that are very large repeatedly shown for some very controversial subject, or occur in the blogosphere, it is often referred to as the storm blogstorm or blog.

Community Blogger

Community blog is a bond that's based on the similarity of the blogger-certain similarities, such as the origin of the same regions, the similarity in the campus, of the same hobbies, and so forth. The blogger who joined in blogger communities are often the activities together, such as coffee land.

To be able to join in the blogger community, usually have such requirements or rules that must be met to be able to enter the community, eg originating from a particular region.

Some blogger community is Blogger Regional Community, which is based on the regional Community Blogger or a specific area, the Community Blogger Non-Local, which usually form because of the same hobbies or the other, and Blogger Community Campus.

The types of blogs

* Political Blog: About the news, political activists, and all issues-based blog (as a campaign).

* Blog time: Disebut also online diary containing about someone's daily experience, complaints, poems or poetic, wicked idea, and talks a friend.

* Blog topics: Blog on about something, and focus on a particular discussion

* Blog health: More specific health information. Blog about health complaint contains most patients, the latest health news, information about health-information, etc..

* Blog literature: More known as litblog (Literary blog).

* Trip Blog: Focus on the criticism that told the story of the particulars of travel / traveling.

* Blog research: The issue of academic research, such as the latest news.

* Blog law: The issue of law or legal affairs; also referred to the blawgs (Blog Laws).

* Blog media: focus on the discussion or the lie to the media the consistency; usually only for newspaper or television network

* Blog religion: the religion of

* Blog education: Usually written by students or teachers.

* Blog togetherness: specific topics written by a particular group.

* Blog instructions (directory): Contains hundreds of links pages.

* Blog business: Used by employees or entrepreneurs for their business promotion activities

* Embodiment Blog: Focus on an object outside the man; such as a dog

* Blog gadfly (spam): Used for business promotion affiliate; also known as splogs (Spam Blogs)

Popular culture

Blog (English term for blogging) to be done almost every time to know the existence of the blog's owner. Also to find out which blogs treated (the template) or add the article. Now there are over 10 million blogs that can be found on the Internet. [Reference?], And can still grow again, because at this time there is a lot of software, tools, and other Internet applications that make it easier for the blogger (owner of a blog) to treat blogs.

Risk of crime

Because blogs are often used to write the day-to-day activities that occur on the author, or reflect the views of the author various topics that occurred and to share information - blogs are a source of information for hackers, identity thieves, detective, and others . Many files confidential and sensitive issue of writing found in blogs. This dipecatnya result in someone's office, blocked access, fined, and even arrested.

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My Complicated Relationship with Mike Zunino , by Bayram Cigerli

My Complicated Relationship with Mike Zunino , by Bayram Cigerli 

My Complicated Relationship with Mike Zunino

Several years ago our Seattle Mariners took a catcher from the University of Florida (his choice of school could have been a clue) with the #3 pick in the draft.  This catcher was going to be special; he could command a pitching staff and had RAW power.  On paper, Mike Zunino was a unicorn for the catching position, he had a glove and bat that were scouted as plus skills.  After being drafted in June, we saw our first glimpse of our top prospect by September, and it looked like Jack Z had finally hit on a high draft pick.

Mike has gone from a can't miss to a, "God I wish he'd just hit .240 and cut back on strike outs."  I began to refer to him as Mike "0-2 Count" Zunino.  It got to a point I felt like I could get him out by peppering the outside corner with my 75+ mph fastball and an 0-2 breaking ball.  He flailed at breaking balls like the 9 hitter who's parents made him play back in 7th grade summer ball.  Zunino became a disappointment and Jack Z was fired; he was on his way to bust territory, and early this year was replaced by a 38 year old catcher and a guy named Tuffy.  I wanted him run out of town and rid our organization of having to wait for him to arrive.

Zunino became the butt of a lot of jokes on my Twitter account for about a year.  He could do nothing right in the box and it was my way (and other fans as well) of dealing with our lineup's easy out.  Although I kept joking about his failures, deep down I felt a little bad.  By all accounts, Mike Zunino is a great human being; someone young athletes should look up to.  It's probably just the whole Gator look, but he reminds me of Tim Tebow; bad at his position, but an exceptional person.  Unfortunately for Mike and Tebow, in sports low level play leads to hatred from fans.  Not hate in the normal sense of the word, but hate nonetheless.  I didn't want to see Mike suffer an injury or fall out of baseball completely, I just wanted him to finish his career away from Seattle and let someone who could go the other way with a pitch take his AB's in the lineup.

Sports hate is funny.  It's something that we all have, and in tense moments it rises and causes us to yell at inanimate objects like TV's or car radios.  I hate Mike Trout.  I hate Jose Altuve.  I hate Kobe Bryant.  I hate Tome Brady.  I think hate is the wrong word; it describes the feeling, but not the intent.  I don't want Mike Trout to stop robbing homeruns, just against the Mariners.  I don't want Altuve to stop leading the league in batting average as one of the Seven Dwarves; just go 2 for 12 in his series against the M's.  I want Tom Brady to fail, but who doesn't, he's a cheater.  As a Mariner fan my pessimism and the last 16 years have brought my sports hate to our own team.  Mike Zunino took the brunt of my sports hate toward the Mariners.  It was easy, he looked lost.

As April turned to May, everything I had said about Mike Zunino, the baseball player, on Twitter and to friends was true; he had hit a career low and was headed to Tacoma.  I pondered on whether DiPoto should have just thrown him into the Taijuan and Ketel Marte deal just to free up space on the 25 man roster.  Something happened down there in Tacoma.  And no not like in 2016 when he came back from Tacoma and mashed for a month before reverting back to what we saw in April of this year.  He was laying off the outside pitches and wasn't missing fastballs when he got them.  Mike Zunino is currently hitting around .220-.230 with 15-16 HRs and had the month of Junino.  The average isn't great, and he still strikes out a bit, but if this is what we get from Zunino in the box from here on out, and mix it with his Gold Glove caliber defense, I will be happy to call Mike Zunino our catcher.  It isn't flashy; it isn't all star caliber; it isn't what he was "supposed" to be, but it's what he has become, and is serviceable for an MLB catcher these days.

My sports hate for Mike Zunino has faded recently (he's still young, there's time for it to return), and I'm left wondering who to reallocate it towards.  Another Mariner?  Double up on Odor?  That evil ginger in Anaheim, Calhoun?  Well there's still time to figure that out, but from now on Zunino has my trust, as a fan (for whatever that counts), to be the general of our defense and keep becoming consistent at the plate; even if it's .230 with occasional 2B and HRs consistent.

visit for info bctariharsivi.blogspot.com

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Of the Seattle Mariners Part - 3 , Baseball has helped fill that void. by Bayram Cigerli

Of the Seattle Mariners  Part - 3 , Baseball has helped fill that void.  by Bayram Cigerli 

Baseball has helped fill that void.  I love baseball.  I don’t think there is a more appropriate way to put it than that; I LOVE BASEBALL.  Everything about it: 10 to 9 games, 1 to nothing pitcher’s duels, how teams are put together, what the stats say about players, nostalgia, and looking ahead.  It’s a game I spent years of my life trying to understand and I don’t take that for granted.  Some call it boring, others say it’s dying; I say you have to understand it to appreciate it, and there will always be those who appreciate it.  It’s been around longer than football and basketball and isn’t going anywhere.  It’s a simple game, but at the same time complex.  The idea of it in a broad sense is to hit the ball and keep the other team from hitting the ball.  The intricacies of the game become apparent when you’re standing in the batter’s box with another guy standing 60 feet 6 inches away preparing to hurl a small, hard ball at you.  You know it’s coming, but where and how.  Is the pitcher left or right handed?  Is it coming at your body or head or over the heart of the plate?  Is it going to be three feet outside or behind you?  Is it going to be 90 mph or 70 mph?  Is it going to be a straight fastball or a breaking ball?  Is that breaking ball a slider which runs away from you or a curveball that drops off the table?  All of this has to run through your head before you decide to swing or not, and you have to make that decision in a split second.  And that’s just the batter, there are 9 players in the field on defense making similar split second decisions on every pitch.  Pitchers are constantly playing a game of chess to try and keep the hitters off balance.  Thoughts like, ôthey think I’m going to throw a fastball, so I’m going to throw a curveball...but if they think, I think they know I’m throwing the fastball, then they might think I’m throwing the curve, so I should throw the fastballà÷  That’s only two pitches, what if he had a changeup or slider?  Warren Spahn put it best, ôhitting is timing and pitching is upsetting timing.÷  A quote that appears simple, yet holds multitudes of possibilities.

Baseball is a game that can change in an instant.  One swing of the bat or one pitch can decide a game.  In basketball and football, you can hold a lead and kill clock at the end of the game to secure a victory; there is no clock in baseball.  Each team gets 27 outs.  That’s 27 outs to score more runs than the other team.  No matter if you have the lead going into the 9th or not, you and your opponent still get 3 more outs, and anything can happen until that final out is recorded.  You have to pitch to the other team whether you have a lead or not, you can’t just hold the ball and wait for the clock to hit zero.

So what does all this mean?  What do the Sonics have to do with why I love the Mariners?  Why do I live and breathe with a team that hasn’t made the playoffs since I was 11?  Why did I name my dog Griffey?  Is it insanity or loyalty?  Or a mix of both?  

The Mariners are a constant in my life between April and through September (October someday).  Not always a positive constant, but a constant regardless.  In 2008, the Sonics were taken from me, and moved to Oklahoma City.  They were my constant as a child who grew up playing basketball and watching games with my Grandma, and they were snatched away, by greed and a man who claimed Oklahoma City was a better economic market for a professional sports team than Seattle, who had supported the team for 41 years, along with the Mariners and Seahawks.  That hurt.  That still hurts.  In 1995, Ken Griffey Jr. and the Mariners made an improbable run that kept the team in Seattle and ultimately built Safeco Field, and that didn’t happen for the Sonics.  The experience taught me a deeper meaning of the phrase, ôyou don’t always know what you have until it’s gone.÷ I knew the Sonics leaving would hurt; I prepared for it.  I tried to be a Blazers fan, but even the proximity of Portland couldn’t fill the void of Seattle basketball.  The memories of Gary, Shawn, Nate, Ray, Rashard, Hersey, and on and on and on, were still there and still haunt me to this day.  I don’t know if I will ever be able to attend another NBA game in Seattle, but I do know one thing, and that is that I can still attend a Mariner’s game.  They may be heart-breakers and trash, year in and year out, but they’re my pile of trash and misfortune.  I already lost the Sonics and, I don’t want to see the Mariners go.

  

If it makes me insane to put so much into a team that rewards so little, then I don’t want to be sane.  What they have lacked to give me in wins or championship rings, they have made up for with memories and an undying love for a beautiful game.  So I thank you, Ken Griffey Jr., Dave Niehaus, Edgar Martinez, Jay Buhner, Brett Boone, Ichiro, Felix, Adrian Beltre, Kyle Seager...hell even you Dustin Ackley.  From the bottom of my heart, I thank and appreciate you.   See you at the corner of Edgar and Dave for years to come.  My, Oh My! 

visit for info bctariharsivi.blogspot.com

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Of the Seattle Mariners Part - 2 by Bayram Cigerli

Of the Seattle Mariners  Part - 2 by Bayram Cigerli 

It just so happened that during this time, the Mariners had also decided to be a fun team with winning ways.  The year 1995 was the year of the Mariners.  They had icons of the game, along with a future icon.  The team was led by the greatest player to ever grace the diamond: The Kid, Ken Griffey Jr.  They also had the most intimidating pitcher to ever take the hill: The Big Unit, Randy Johnson.  From the infectious smile of baseball’s brightest star, to the terror opposing hitters showed at the thought of Mr. Snappy, the 1995 Seattle Mariners made an improbable run into baseball’s postseason, and it almost never happened.  Early in the season, Griffey, the team’s heart and soul, crashed into the centerfield fence making an superhuman catch to steal extra bases, but shattering his wrist in the process.  The team hit the skids and floundered through the All-Star Break.  The M’s were out of it and had been written off, and then August rolled around.  As the season was winding down, the team went on a run that sparked the moniker, The Refuse to Lose Mariners.  Griffey returned and the Baseball Gods looked down favorably on this group of players that the rest of the league had forgotten about.  They just kept winning and forced a one game playoff with the Angels.  They won and went on to eventually play the Evil Empire from New York.  The series was in the Seattle and the Mariners were in a must win situation.  What happened next is simply known as ôThe Double.÷  ôThe Double÷ is a moment that still sends chills up my back when I see or hear Dave Niehaus belt out his excitement over the air waves.  ôThe Double÷ encompassed the entire 1995 season into a single play...into a single pitch.  With two men on, future Hall of Famer (yes, I said future Hall of Famer), Edgar Martinez stepped to the plate and with one swing of the bat saved baseball in Seattle.  Junior rounded third and the whole state waved him in; the throw was late and The Kid jumped into the arms of his teammates.  A dog pile ensued with sport’s most infectious smile beaming from underneath an 18 year old Alex Rodriguez and a pile of Mariner players; the Seattle Mariners had beat the Yankees. Yes those Yankees.  The same Yankees that have 27 World Series rings.  The same Yankees that had all the money in the world.  The same Yankees that fielded teams involving Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig, Roger Maris, and keep going on, I’ll wait.  The rumors of the team moving had been, ôlined down the left field line,÷  and when Junior scored, support for a new stadium had a sharp uptick.  The Mariners had us excited about baseball, and the state was screaming, ôMy, Oh My!÷

Two years.  That all happened in two years of my life, at a time when I was fostering Big League and NBA dreams.  I still love basketball as a sport, but not like I love baseball.  The NBA took basketball from me, and I don’t know if I will ever get it back.  Sure I have Gonzaga and Husky basketball, but when you grow up with a Shawn Kemp poster hanging on your wall, sleeping in your Gary Payton jersey, and modeling your jump shot after Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, the Sonics become a part of your life.  A part that has left a void inside me.  

visit for info bctariharsivi.blogspot.com

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Of the Seattle Mariners Part - 1

Of the Seattle Mariners  Part - 1 

 Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting the same result (the internet says Albert Einstein said that, but the educated historian in me, knows he probably didn’t).   Insanity...that’s a good way to put it, I guess.  I am insane...I am a Seattle Mariners fan.

 I have and always will be a Mariner’s fan through and through.  Yes, those Mariners.  The same Mariners that haven’t seen the postseason in 16 years.  The same Mariners that had a $100+ million payroll and lost 100 games.  The same Mariners that traded Adam Jones for Erik Bedard.  The same Mariners that had the skinny, A-Rod.  From the Kingdome to Safeco Field, I have listened or watched games with an optimism that some find amusing, but I continue to come back year after year.  I come back with hopes of reliving æ95 or 2001, but I keep getting æ08 or æ10.   The team is a rollercoaster...a rollercoaster with deep lows, but moderate highs.

 I’m deeply rooted in the Seattle Mariners, so my insanity seems terminal.  I hit the age where you start playing organized sports when I lived in a small town on the west side of Washington, called Rainier.  It had nothing to do with the majestic peak, our state is known for, but is a small town of less than 1500 people.  The town had the feel of Maycomb in To Kill a Mockingbird, Boo Radley house and all.  Anyway, this is where I started to play organized and backyard sports with my friends.  It just so happened that this point in my life occurred around 1995 and 1996.  If you’re not a Seattle or Washington sports fan, let me put that in perspective.  The Seattle Sonics were still a thing, and, in fact, in the midst of one of their most memorable runs outside the 1979 Championship run.  They had The Glove and The Reign Man (Gary Payton and Shawn Kemp) and I was getting buckets in the Thurston County 2nd and 3rd grade league.  I remember watching the Sonics win their games in Seattle and send the æ96 Finals back to Chicago with a little pressure on MJ and the Bulls.  As the final buzzer sounded, I’d look down the hill from my grandparents house into Seattle from Kent, and see the colorful bursts of the fireworks being shot off the Space Needle.  The city was celebrating with the team and during the late Spring of 1996, every kid in the state was a part of that team; even those 20-30 year old grunge kids, put down Kurt Cobain, Chris Cornell, and Eddie Vedder for a 7 game series (even though it only went 6). 

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Good Lookin', May

Good Lookin', May

It’s pretty safe to say that if you grew up in Spokane you are familiar with the Hutton Settlement.  The Hutton settlement is that community of four three story cottages north of Upriver drive on Argonne; the property is currently on the National Registry of Historic Places.  The home was opened in 1919 by Levi Hutton on the premise, ôto provide a home for children deprived of a normal family through no fault of their own.÷  On average 78 children at a time called Hutton Settlement home; the children assimilated into the community through attending area churches and enrolling in school in the West Valley district.  Hutton Settlement was rare in that it didn’t accept any state or federal money; instead the settlement was able to sustain itself nearly entirely on the real estate it sat on.  The land and some money were given to the Hutton Settlement at the time of Levi Hutton’s death.  The children ran the settlement like a farm, as described in 1934, ô a model farm operated by families of boys and girlsà÷.  The Hutton Settlement has served the Spokane area for nearly 100 years, and it’s thanks to the memory of one extraordinary woman.

Levi Hutton grew up an orphan, making a life for himself, but it was not for this reason Mr. Hutton founded the Hutton Settlement.  Of course Levi had a soft spot for orphans and underprivileged children, but it was his wife, May, who gave him the idea.  May Arkwright Hutton was a character.  She was the illegitimate child of a pastor who ran a girls home.  May was raised by her grandfather in Ohio and at the age of 23, May packed up and moved to Kellogg, ID where she would run a boarding house.  Four years later, May and Levi met, married, and moved to the mining town of Wallace, ID.  

It was in Wallace where Levi and May would make their name, Levi financially and May politically.  She would start by fighting for labor rights for miners and rail workers, even writing a book on the subject (later in life she would buy back as many copies of the book as she could, as she was not proud of it).  May was soon a flamboyant spokeswoman for Women’s Suffrage in the Pacific Northwest.  After Idaho passed the right for women to vote in 1896 and Levi’s investment in the Hercules mine paid off millions, her ôPanhandle celebrity÷ began to inflate.  In 1903, during his tour of the Pacific Northwest, Teddy Roosevelt was entertained by the Hutton’s at their home in Wallace.  May would even run for Idaho State Senate in 1904 but would go on to lose.  By 1906, The North Idaho Panhandle had become too small for the new millionaires and they set their sights west into Washington.

They moved to Spokane so Levi could diversify his investments and May had a plan to bring women the right to vote in Washington by 1910.  It was in Spokane and Washington where May clashed with her political rival Emma DeVoe, even though they had the same goal, they differed how to reach that goal; but eventually women could vote in Washington in 1910.  She became a woman of firsts in Spokane; May was the first woman to sit on a jury in Washington, she became the first woman to speak at a Presidential convention in the 1912 Democratic National Convention; also became the first woman registered voter in Spokane county. 

 

May was an instant hit in Spokane.  Author James Montgomery described May and Spokane in his book Liberated Woman, ôthey were really made for each other; both were rambunctious, cocky, independent, and not very mature.÷  The Hutton’s lived in luxury in the penthouses of the Hutton Block on 1st between Washington and Sprague.  May was loved by the Spokane reporters, as it was said she was a woman who had never heard the term ôoff the record.÷  May was in town and was motivated to help make changes and she had the money.  

In her off time from politics and living the high life, May had a soft spot for single mother’s and hated to see these women and children struggle to get by.  May had a plan to alleviate some of these mother’s struggles by helping find them a husband and a suitable environment to raise a family.  She pitched the idea to the city and had the chance to make a match.  A mother named Lilly from a women’s home that May frequented was set up with a farm hand in the Palouse.  After a trial stint together, Lilly decided they made a good match and the two were married.  The farm hand received, ôa wife, housekeeper, companion and as an added bonus, a baby,÷ while the mother and child received a home and father figure.  A time later May returned to check up on the young couple and was pleased with what she encountered; the couple was happy, the child was growing and healthy, and Lilly was pregnant with the couple’s first biological child.  It was a match made in heaven, lonely farmers, single mothers, and May Arkwright Hutton.

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Hotel Lincoln/ Electric Hotel

Hotel Lincoln/ Electric Hotel

Fifty miles west of Spokane lay the small town of Harrington, WA.  Built on the backs of wheat farmers and the Great Northern Railroad, this town boasted something a little unexpected: it’s very own five star hotel.  On January 11, 1902, the doors to the Hotel Lincoln were opened and it quickly became the place to stay on the way between Spokane and Everett.  The hotel was (at its time) luxury at its finest featuring electricity, an upscale restaurant, and, after a remodel in 1912, steam heating.  Harrington soon became a weekend getaway for the surrounding farmers, as well as Spokane residents looking for a good time just a short train ride away.

The town was founded in 1882 by land prospectors from California, in anticipation of the Great Northern Railroad making Harrington a depot on its route from Spokane across the state.  By 1901, the Harrington Improvement Society began plans to turn Harrington into the Chicago of the West.  Along with water supply, electricity and the leasing of land, its main goal was to establish a hotel in Harrington to attract visitors.  That building became the Hotel Lincoln.  The hotel is a two story brick building with a basement.  The building was constructed by local businesses with local materials.  The timber was shipped from a nearby company and unloaded off trains just up the street from the hotel.  Each brick was made by local company Pratt and Rehms, and each brick was laid by hand by a local construction group headed by J.E. Lowery.  At its opening the hotel had 24 rooms, public restrooms and showers, a restaurant, and was fully staffed with cooks, waiters/waitresses, hostesses, and maid service.  

In 1912, the hotel underwent rehabilitation in which more rooms as well as employee living spaces were added, along with the steam heating unit.  Rooms were rented out nightly but also at a monthly rate.  Common guests included farmers, travelers of the railroad, investors, and socialites from Spokane.  One of these socialites was a local celebrity.  Although it is not documented, legend has it that the infamous Bing Crosby, who grew up in nearby Spokane, would visit Harrington regularly with his brother to get away from relatives for nights of singing and drinking.  While other hotels popped up in town, the Hotel Lincoln was the only one to stand the test of time remaining open until the 1980s.

Son of former owners, Frank Hansen, once stopped by to share some stories with the current owners.  At one time, the City Hall located across the street from the hotel used to house prisoners in a small jail house, as well as the fire department and other things.  The prisoners used to be lead across the street for lunch at the hotel, something that intrigued Frank as a young boy.  One day in the 1930s, due to the hotel’s proximity to the train depot, three of these inmates decided to make a run for it.  They bolted out of the hotel and onto the first moving train they could.  Unfortunately for them, trains can only go one way on the track, so the authorities knew exactly where they were going.  Not far outside Harrington, the sheriff of Bluestem captured the fugitives and returned them to Harrington.

The hotel is currently under renovation and planning to open its doors once more to the public in the near future.  The new owners are Jerry and Karen Allen.  With past experience in the hotel and construction field they are resurrecting the Hotel Lincoln to once again become the place to be when traveling between Eastern and Western Washington.  For more information you can contact them at electrichotel@gmail.com or visit the website www.electrichotel.info.   

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Tarih Notları, Atatürk Dönemi İç Politika Gelişmeleri, II.TBMM Dönemi,  Nasturi İsyanı, İsyanlar,  Atatürk Dönemi İsyanları,

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The Civil Wargasm

The Civil Wargasm

The reading of Confederates in the Attic this week started with a visit with Shelby Foote in his home in Tennessee.  Foote is a well respected expert on the Civil War, who appeared and became famous in Ken Burn's documentary, The Civil War.  He speaks of the war much as Southerners must have in the 1860's.  He uses similies and metaphors, "If you look at American history as the life span of a man, the Civil War represents the great trauma of our adolescence."  As Horwitz puts it every answer Foote gave was, "a perfect sound bite."  Foote is a true Southerner; he is drawn to the land, the people, the culture, and that it's not the North.  Shelby Foote's favorite aspect of the Civil War was the Battle of Shiloh.  Shiloh was a major battle in the War's western theater and marked the begging of Ulysses S. Grant's rise to fame; this not being why Foote was so enamored with the battle.  Foote's great-grandfather fought in the battle and Shelby had visited the site over 20 times; when asked what drew him to the battle he replied, "If you've drawn or written about a particular historical incident in a particular place, the placebelongs to you in a sense.  I feel that way about Shiloh....I swear I can see and hear soldiers coming through the trees."  Shelby Foote has a very romantic view of the Civil War and his passion is evident in his musings with Horwitz.

Civil War enthusiast Shelby Foote.  Courtesy of Tumblr.

In Horwitz's visit to Shiloh, he encounters an anomaly.  Wolfgang Hochbruck, an ex-German military man wearing a blue Federal uniform.  If that's not weird enough, he was doing the exact thing Horwitz was and guessed his name.  Both were researching to write books on the memory of the Civil War and Wolfgang had emailed Tony months before to compare notes, but Tony never received the message.  Wolfgang was a professor of history who taught the Civil War in Germany.  The two a lot in common, so Horwitz joined Wolfgang on his tour of Shiloh.  The two chatted and hiked for awhile and had dinner that night.  As they parted Wolfgang told Tony, "I'm glad you didn't before [answer the email], it was much better that we met on the field of battle."  What a crazy coincidence.

Horwitz's trip into Mississippi was filled with drinking and racists.  Vicksburg was filled with casinos and had lost touch with some of it's past.  One thing is worth talking about and that's the Minie Ball Pregnancy story.  During the Civil War recruits were taught to aim low to improve their hit ratio.  The guns and bullets weren't terribly accurate.  Even with the invention of the rifled barrel and Minie Ball.  A smooth barrel is like throwing a knuckle ball in baseball, while a rifled barrel puts spin on the bullet like throwing a fast ball.  Unfortunately, curveballs, sliders, etc also require spin so you still didn't quite know where the bullet was going to go still.  Anyway, aiming low led to a lot of soldiers being wouned in the lower abdomen and groin.  Legend has it that one soldier was shot straight through the groin and the bullet hit a woman in the groin standing in the distance.  9 months later she had a baby.  The couple found each other after the war, married and had two more children conventionally.

Minie Ball Pregnancy exhibit in Vicksburg.  Courtesy of Greetings from Mississippi.

The highlight of our reading this week was the really long chapter on the Civil Wargasm with Robert Lee Hodge.  This sounds like it would be one helluva trip to take over the summer.  Not with Rob though, I want a change of clothes, a shower, and not to be crammed in a car in the Southern heat with a man wearing a thick wool uniform.  If anyone who enjoys shorts, showers, and beds wants to join in just let me know.  Rob and Tony took Tony's car and started driving the South for a weeks time, following the path of the war; starting at Manassass (Bull Run) and ending at Appomattox with Lee's surrender to Grant.  I'm not going to go into much detail about the Wargasm experiences because i don't have the time, they went to so many places and Rob had so many opinions.  Although I did think hiking in to Bloody Lane at Burnside's Bridge was pretty cool.  My favorite part of the Wargasm didn't occur in that week of driving though.  It occurred five days later when Rob called to get Tony to reenact Pickett's Charge of Cemetery Hill at Gettysburg.  I think this would have been so fun and exhilarating to do, not just because it's historical importance but also because of the crowd that formed to cheer them on while they stormed the hill.  It was probably just an adrenaline rush but Horwitz finally has his "period rush" (the high reenactors feel when traveling back in time) making Pickett's Charge.  I'd definitely have to "farb out" (Rob's phrase for not being fully authentic) but I think an experience like this would be a once in a lifetime and unique experience.

Artist rendition of Pickett's Charge.  Courtesy of Britannica.

"A University is just a bunch of buildings gathered around a library" - Shelby Foote

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Tarih Notları, Atatürk Dönemi İç Politika Gelişmeleri, II.TBMM Dönemi,  Nasturi İsyanı, İsyanlar,  Atatürk Dönemi İsyanları,

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History of American History

Anasayfa > Site Haritası > Tarih Notları >  Bayram Hoca Tarih Notları > > History of American History

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Mike Wallace's Mickey Mouse History: And Other Essays on American Memory can essentially be called a history of American History.  He takes a look into how we as a culture have remembered our beginnings through the years.  From the small historical houses of the late 19th century to the historical

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The Bahrain National Museum - A History

The Bahrain National Museum has a long history preceding its current location. Despite it being one of the earliest modern museums in the Gulf (opening in December 1988) and being a lot more humble than their Gulf counterparts, it is not the first 'version' of the museum. To delve more into this topic, we're going to look at what the United Nations' cultural agency UNESCO reported from its 20th century archives.

Building off from our last post on archaeology in Bahrain, it's important to note that there was very little coordinated archaeological excavation of the ancient sites of Bahrain. These sites included the ruins of the old Portuguese fort outside Manama, the thousands of artificial mounds that covered modern-day A'ali, Hamad Town and Saar, and other various pre-historic temples in Barbar & Saar.

Burial mounds of Bahrain, 1918. (QDL)

The first modern archaeological mission was the Danish expedition in 1952 (This is an excellent article reviewing the history of archaeology in Bahrain) began excavating the Bahrain Fort ruins & burial mounds. Fast forward to 1957 and the first public 'museum' per say opened as a temporary exhibition at the Hidaya Khalifa School in Muharraq. This exhibition of artefacts found in the excavations lasted for a few days but succeeded in drawing crowds and interest in the field of archaeology from the Bahraini community.

A UNESCO report by A. Ghosh in 1968 reported that all excavated artefacts were shipped back to Denmark because of the lack of local museums to showcase them in. An agreement was made between the Danes and the Bahraini govt to return at least 50% of  artefacts if a permanent museum was constructed. In the report (page 20), Ghosh recommended the creation of a national museum, an archaeological society, a law protecting historical artefacts. The report also identified potential national heritage sites for conservation such as the medieval agricultural water canals that enabled agriculture in the north of Bahrain, and other architecturally distinct houses in Manama and Muharraq.

In 1970, the first national museum was opened in Government House in Manama. It was temporary until a more permanent museum was built. The photos below show the opening ceremony of the museum. The same year, the country passed the Antiquities law that protected national artefacts and sites.

Government House museum opening in March 1970
(Source: Bahrain News Agency)

Government House museum opening in March 1970
(Source: Bahrain News Agency) 

Government House museum opening in March 1970
(Source: Bahrain News Agency) 

Government House museum opening in March 1970
(Source: Bahrain News Agency)

A grainy scan of the Government House museum, 1972.

A UNESCO follow up mission in 1972 even provided the architectural blueprint for a National Library and Museum right next to each other. The map shows sites considered for construction of the complex. Plans were even considered to relocate the museum to the planned city of Isa Town but it was decided it would be better to place the museum in the capital.

Map of Manama with potential sites for the museum (UNESCO 1972)

Proposed plans for the National Museum and Library (UNESCO 1972)

ADDENDUM: Although the dates are unclear, the museum was relocated from Government House to the officers' mess at the former site of the Royal Air Force base in Muharraq island.

Evidently, none of the above plans took place as the museum was finally shifted to a purpose-built complex on reclaimed land off the Al Fateh highway in Manama, in 1988. Deemed architecturally pleasing, it was shortlisted for the Aga Khan Architecture Award in 1991.

Note: As of 1 November 2019, all of this is also coincidentally covered in a current exhibition at the Bahrain national museum, I recommend a visit.

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The solar storm is one of the significant events in world history. The solar storm is origin from the sun which releases the enormous amount of energy towards the earth frequently, these storms may affect our earth magnetic field cause heavy damages on our current communication system and expose huge Arora in the sky all over the world.



During Sep 1 and 2, 1859, Solar storm hits the earth with huge energy which affects the telecommunication system and electric grids like the telegraph and wired communication. Few events were remarkable, telegraphs sent messages automatically, most of them were not worked properly and telegraph papers where burned. This caused heavy damages in the western economy, and the Arora creates panic among the people.

According to NASA scientists Dr. Alex Young " these solar flares happening every day in the sky, our atmosphere is too thick as well as our earth magnetic field is soo strong and it can able to protect any kind of radiation from the sun. But also we consider these issues and studying the Solar flare 24x7. if we face heavy storm may cause drastic damage in our communication system".

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Pioneer and inspiration for several key inventions in modern communication like

Wifi - GPS - Bluetooth

Who is Hedy Lamarr?

 Hedy Lamarr (1914 - 2000) American film actress and inventor was born in Austria and later settled in the USA.

She was a popular Hollywood actress from 1933 to 1960. Most of the print media quote "Most beautiful and glamours women in the industry of Cinema". She was the first bold women who played the "orgasm" act in the controversial Czechoslovakian film called  Ecstasy (1933). 

Without any formal education but self-thought and passion which helps her to invent new things were supposed to use in the American Navy to protect their wireless communication from enemies interception.  She developed the "Frequency-hopping spread spectrum" one of the pioneer inventions for better wireless communication. 

Honors and Awards:

1. Most Promising Actress of 1938

2. Electronic Frontier Foundation's Pioneer Award at 1997

3. BULBIE Gnass Spirit of Achievement Award at 1997

4.  National Inventors Hall of Fame at 2014

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List of 12 Astronauts Walked on the Moon

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The Great Stagflation and Modern America

The United States has faced a series of major economic issues in its history, the two most commonly discussed are the Great Depression (1929 to 1942 arguably) and the Great Recession (2008 – 2009 officially) but between those two is a lumpy, difficult to fathom, general economic decline that ran from 1971 until roughly 1982 which could be considered the Great Stagflation.  It was the hallmark of the 1970s United States economy, with a solid impact on the British economy as well.  Within the United States it was caused by an intersection of several different policy issues, economic impacts, and major events, such as the two oil shocks that took place in that decade as OPEC reduced oil production in response to the United States’ position towards Israel.

Nixon, who had a very loose concern for domestic economic issues, made the problems worse when facing the gold crisis of 1971.  Briefly the United States pegged the dollar to a fixed conversion rate and other currencies were fixed to the United States dollar.  During the early 1970s the dollar ended up being worth less in actual goods and services than its fixed gold value, leading to other nations beginning to convert their dollar holdings into gold.  Nixon nipped that problem by simply ending the gold conversion of dollars “temporarily” and then imposing price controls to take the sting out of the sudden devaluing of the United States dollar as foreign governments dumped their now non-convertible dollars.  This was fine for Nixon, he was facing re-election in 1972 and he simply wanted domestic voters to feel that their paychecks remained the same, it didn’t matter to him what happened to the economy post-1972 as much, he simply planed to fix it then.

One of the impacts of this, and other factors such as rising foreign competition that cut the United States share of global trade, spiked inflation rates.  This combined though with an unusual factor, as rising inflation eroded the buying power of domestic wages in the United States, organized labor was powerful enough to demand wage increases from companies to offset the inflation.  This reduced the amount of capital available for investment and the economic instability and uncertainty that rising inflation caused discouraged many businesses from entering into any major investments.  This led to economic stagnation, the production of goods and services simply didn’t expand to meet the growing money supply, which caused shocking inflation rates.  (During the height of the crisis inflation rates of 10% were not uncommon in a single year.)

Normally economic cycles tweak the system, but the events of the 1970s reshaped the United States economic and political landscape.  First, rising inflation pushed up the tax brackets which working and middle class employees were taxed at, as the brackets were not indexed in the 1970s to inflation.  So although the relative buying power of a paycheck remained the same, the bite taken out by state and local taxes went up for many workers, reducing their overall net pay.  This combined with many states reporting record surpluses due to the revenues taken in, and a resistance by those state governments to return the surpluses to the voters.  (California was notorious for this, socking away much of the surplus for future anticipated shortfalls or new programs once the economy settled down.)  Property taxes shot up as well, as the paper value of homes skyrocketed due to inflation and people saw their property tax bills rocket upwards, further reducing their buying power.

The result was a general tax revolt across the United States as citizens, in state elections and in 1980 with the election of Ronald Reagan and a Republican Congress, demanded their tax burden be lowered.  What made this shift particularly unique though was that prior to the late 1970s and early 1980s the United States populous had been less leery of inflation, and higher taxes, and more leery of the government reducing its safety nets.  By the height of this crisis the United States citizenry had changed their demands, inflation control and lower taxes were more critical to them than safety nets, especially safety nets that seemed to re-route funds from middle class pockets to the poor, minorities, and immigrants.

Which state governments, and the federal government, responded to with great gusto.  The federal government, and state governments, slashed social welfare programs aggressively and changed the regulatory client to make the government more pro-business.  This combined with a focused effort to reduce the power of organized labor and allowing unemployment to spike, and a sharp early 1980s recession, to crush inflation.  In many ways since then the United States as a nation has not looked back, and other nations have followed its model, focusing on tight government services, reduced social support for the lowest portions of society, and keeping the tax burden controlled.

Sources:  Wikipedia articles on stagflation, the Nixon Shock, and the 1973-1975 recession, Investopedia article on the Great Inflation of the 1970s, Dollars and Sense article on the 1970s economic crisis, and chapters from The Seventies:  The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics by Bruce J. Schulman

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"The day me approaching when the whole world will recognize women as the equal of men" 

- Susan B Anthony

 Susan B. Anthony (1820 – 1906) was an American social revolutionist and worked against women slavery system in United States with the help of her lifelong friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton (social activist). At the age of 17 she drives a petition campaign against the slavery in American society and also she drives another largest campaigned and collected 400,000 signatures to abolition of slavery. She was arrested for voting in New York and convicted in 1872 and also she refused to pay the court fine.  Every year she gives 75 to 100 speeches all over the United States and she accused for damaging the institution of marriage. In 1920, “Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution” giving women the right to Vote which is popularly known as “Anthony Amendment”.

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In 1950, Don Pedro Albizu Campos, President of Puerto Rican Nationalist party was coordinated the serious of protest the against Colonialism in his region (Puerto Rica) to free the state from the United states of America rule in the island but they were strongly suppressed by the Major General Luis R. Esteves. Later he was convicted and imprisoned for encourage the army uprising in several Puerto Rica cities.  

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