Cambridge and the Managing Committee

Cambridge was well represented on the Managing Committee. Professor Percy Gardner (1846-1937) was a member of the first committee: at the time he was holding the Disney chair in Archaeology (1880-87). (He was elected to the Lincoln and Merton chair in Classical Archaeology at Oxford in 1887.) This was not a demanding position. He recalled:

Though technically a Professorship, the Disney post was in fact only a lectureship, involving no residence, but only the delivery of six lectures in the year. These lectures I could easily arrange to give in time of vacation from the [British] Museum: so the Trustees allowed me to keep my post, thinking it desirable to establish a fresh line of communication between the Universities and the Museum.

(Autobiographica, 52)

A significant Cambridge influence on the Managing Committee was Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1841-1905) who was on the original Managing Committee and then a Trustee. He returned to Cambridge in 1889 as holder of the Regius chair of Greek. John Edwin Sandys (1844-1922) was also on the original committee with Jebb and subsequently the University of Cambridge nominee (replacing Ridgeway in 1904/05). Sandys was elected a Fellow of St John's College in 1867: he also served as the university's public orator (1876-1919).

James Smith Reid (1846-1926) was elected a Fellow of Christ's College in 1869 (until his marriage in 1872), and subsequently a Fellow at Gonville & Caius College (from 1878). He held the chair of Ancient History from 1899 (until 1925). His wife, Ruth, was a sister of Ernest and Percy Gardner. Reid's sister, Agnes, married Percy Gardner (who was Reid's exact contemporary at the City of London School).

Charles Waldstein (later Sir Charles Walston) (1856-1927) had moved to Cambridge as a lecturer in 1880. He was Reader in Classical Archaeology (1883-1907). (His successor was A.B. Cook [1868-1952]). Waldstein simultaneously served as Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1888-92) during which time he excavated at the Argive Heraion. He also held the Slade chair of Art in Cambridge (1895-1901, 1904-11).

Leonard Whibley (1863-1941) was elected to a fellowship at Pembroke College in 1889. In addition he was university lecturer in Ancient History (1899-1910).

William Ridgeway was appointed to the Disney chair in 1892. He was the first nominee of the University of Cambridge on the Managing Committee (from 1896). His position in Cambridge was strengthened in 1907 by his appointment to the Brereton Readership in classics. He was particularly influential on Cambridge classical archaeology with many of his students going out to Athens.

One of the longest standing members of the Managing Committee (latterly as nominee of the Hellenic Socity) was Jane Ellen Harrison (1850-1928). She was a research fellow at Newnham College from 1898 and strongly encouraged female students to travel to Greece as part of their studies.

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Indoor Exercises For Your Kids

Cleaning the house expends more calories than one might think. However, if you add music to it, you and your kids can have fun and exercise at the same time. In fact, you could stop cleaning for 20 minutes and dance to the music. This is a wonderful cardiovascular exercise the kids will definitely enjoy.

When the winter weather keeps kids indoors, they need to expend all that pent up energy. One great exercise is to play Simon Says, which could incorporate jumping rope. The game will not only entice kids to join in the fun, but making it a contest will really get their juices flowing.

If you have a dance exercise DVD or CD, put it on and teach your kids new moves or, conversely, have them teach you a few steps. You can invite their friends over as well and in this way your kids will be more inclined to join in the activities. Of course, using the word “exercise” can be a turn off for some kids but if you present it to them as a game or contest, their competitive streak will kick in.

If your kids were lucky enough to receive the Nintendo Wii game for Christmas, while it does involve video play, it can be another excellent way to exercise. Some of the games in Wii consist of bowling, tennis and other sports games that any kid would love to play and it allows for quite a workout.

Believe it or not, musical chairs can also engage kids in a great exercise routine. Play the music a bit longer than usual so they can achieve a longer workout.

Another great exercise is to teach your kids how to row a boat. You can set the scene with pictures or drawings of waves and sand, then take the kiddie pool, blow it up and bring it into the den or basement. Have the kids sit it in with their feet pressed firmly to the bottom of the pool. Using a broom or mop handle, have them hold it in the center, and pretend they are rowing a boat. Similar to riding a bike, the hands and arms produce the same circular motion.

There was a home video on TV in which a mom was teaching her one-year-old son how to walk on a treadmill. She held his hands, of course, but the idea that it was fun and new to the child left him thoroughly enjoying it. Children become interested in exercising if it’s fun. So take out the “ex” in exercise, and replace it with jazzercise or danceasize, or any word you can come up with that will be enticing and sounds like loads of fun.

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Charles Waring: BSA Trustee

Charles Waring (c. 1827-1887) was born in Eccleshall, Yorkshire. He had at least two brothers, William (born c. 1821) and Henry (born c. 1823). By 1841 Charles was living in Micklegate, York and describing himself as a 'civil engineer'. The brothers formed a company (Waring Brothers) working on railway contracts.

In 1853 Messrs Waring Brothers and Shaw were working in the Central Peninsular Railway Company in Portugal. The contract was worth £800,000 for the 'entire execution of the works, and for furnishing the rolling stock' (Daily News, November 12, 1858).

Among the other projects were Dorset Central (1858), Ceylon (1859), the Pernambuco, Recife and San Francisco Railway (1860), Sicily (1862), the East Indian Railway (1862), The Bristol Port Railway (1863), the Honduras Railway (1870), and the Uruguay Central Railway (1871). In the 1860s Waring Brothers worked on several British projects including the Midland Railway, though this contract was sold to Joseph Firbank (1819-86), and Kensington alongside (Sir) John Kelk (1816-86) and Thomas Andrew Walker (1828-89). They were contractors for the 'earth and brickworks' for the London terminus station at St Pancras (1868). Waring's obituary noted:

With the exception of the late Mr. Brassey, Waring Brothers have probably built more railroads in foreign countries, especially in South America and Transylvania, than any other firm of contractors, whether British or foreign.

Pall Mall Gazette, September 1, 1887

Waring wrote Brazil and her railways (Montreal: Gazette, 1883), State purchase of railways (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).

Waring was elected Liberal MP for Poole in 1865 and 1868. However in May 1874 there was a petition served against him relating to several charges including bribery: he was disqualified and unable to stand in the 1874 election. He was selected as the Liberal candidate for Poole in the 1885 election.

Waring was married to Eliza and he had a son George. Apart from his London home in Grosvenor Gardens, Waring rented Wycombe Abbey from Charles Robert Carrington, marquess of Lincolnshire (1843–1928), who had been appointed governor of New South Wales in 1885. Waring, who had been suffering from 'an affliction of the heart', died at Wycombe Abbey on 26 August 1887. He left an estate of £552,270 ('There are no benefactions to charities').

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Honorary Treasurers of the BSA

The founding Honorary Treasurer for the BSA was Walter Leaf (1852-1927), a banker in the City of London. He resigned in 1906 to become a Trustee in place of Sir Richard Jebb who died in December 1905.

Leaf's place was taken by Vincent W. Yorke (1869-1957), a former student of the BSA (1892/93, 1893/94), a director of National Provident Institution, and subsequently chairman of the Mexican Railway Ltd. Yorke served as treasurer until 1955.

Both Leaf and Yorke were directors of the London & Westminster Bank (elected 1891 and 1903, respectively).

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Season 4 Photo Journals

Season 4 Route

Indonesia to Thailand Sailing

Australia Driving and Sailing

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Trustees of the BSA

The three founding Trustees of the BSA were:

• (Sir) James Tynte Agg-Gardner, MP (1846-1928): Harrow; Trinity College, Cambridge. Chairman of the Cheltenham Original Brewery Company Ltd. Returned as Conservative MP for Cheltenham in 1885.
  
• Pandeli Ralli (1845-1928). A founding member of the member of the Hellenic Society. Returned as Liberal MP for Bridport (1875-80); and for Wallingford (1880-85). Resigned as Trustee in 1900.
  
• Charles Waring (c. 1827-1887). Contractor for the railways (Waring Brothers); projects included St Pancras railway station in London. Liberal MP for Poole.
  

Waring and Agg-Gardner were replaced by:

• (Sir) Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1841-1905). Trinity College, Cambridge. Professor Greek, Glasgow (1875-89). Regius Professor of Greek, Cambridge (1889-). Conservative MP for Cambridge. Knighted 1900.
• Dr Edwin Freshfield (1832-1918). Winchester; Trinity College, Cambridge. Solicitor (whose clients included the Gladstones; 'solicitors to the Bank of England'); senior partner (1903-18). His father-in-law, J.F. Hanson, was the Levant Company's representative in Smyrna.

Ralli was replaced in 1900 by:

• George Augustin Macmillan (1855-1936). Eton. Publisher. London secretary of the BSA 1886-98.

Jebb's place was filled in 1906 by:

• Dr Walter Leaf (1852-1927). Harrow; Trinity College, Cambridge. London banker. Honorary Treasurer of the BSA 1886-1906.
  

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Publishing the results of BSA projects

Articles on BSA projects were initially published in The Journal of Hellenic Studies and then in The Annual of the British School at Athens (from vol. 1 for the session 1894/95). Reports on major projects (Megalopolis, Phylakopi and Sparta) then appeared as Supplementary Papers for the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies:

• Gardner, E. A., W. Loring, G. C. Richards, W. J. Woodhouse, and R. W. Schultz. 1892. Excavations at Megalopolis, 1890-1891. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
• Atkinson, T. D., R. C. Bosanquet, C. C. Edgar, A. J. Evans, D. G. Hogarth, D. Mackenzie, C. Harcourt-Smith, and F. B. Welch. 1904. Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, Supplementary Paper, vol. 4. London: Macmillan.
  
• Dawkins, R. M. 1929. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, Supplementary Paper, vol. 5. London: Macmillan. [digital]
  

These Supplementary Papers also published the results of the Asia Minor Exploration Fund:

• Headlam, A. C. 1892. Ecclesiastical sites in Isauria (Cilicia Trachea). Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 2. London: Macmillan.

The third Supplementary Paper was relevant to the work in Athens:

• Middleton, J. H. (ed. E.A. Gardner) 1900. Plans and drawings of Athenian buildings. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Supplementary Paper, vol. 3. London: Macmillan.

Results from excavations at Palaikastro were published after the First World War as a supplement to the Annual:

• Bosanquet, R. C., and R. M. Dawkins. 1923. The unpublished objects from Palaikastro excavations, 1902-1906. British School at Athens supplementary papers, vol. 1. London: British School at Athens.

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Staff at the British Legation (1881-1918)

The British Ministers in Athens were a welcome support for the School:

• Sir (Francis) Clare Ford (March 1881-December 1884)
  
• Sir Horace Rumbold (1884-88)
  
• Sir Edmund (John) Monson (1888-92)
  
• Sir Edwin (Henry) Egerton (1841-1916) (1892-1903). Son of the Rev. Thomas Egerton of Shropshire; nephew of the First Lord Egerton of Tatton; entered diplomatic service 1859; secretary to the British Legation in Buenos Aires 1879; secretary at Athens 1881; agent and consul-general in Egypt 1884-86; briefly secretary at Constantinople, and from 1886 first secretary in Paris. Companion of the Bath 1886; KCB 1897; GCMG 1902. Appointment to Athens announced January 20, 1892; 'kissed hands' with the Queen, March 12, 1892. Subsequently British Ambassador in Madrid: announced November 3, 1903; departed December 29, 1903. 'Sir Edwin took the warmest interest in the progress of antiquarian research in Greece, and especially in the work of the British School of Archaeology, to which he rendered important services' (The Times, December 30, 1903).
  
• Sir Francis Elliot (1904-17). GCMG 1917. Left Athens: June 17, 1917.
  
• Lord Granville (1917-)
  

George Macmillan noted the 'friendly relations' with the staff of the British Legation.

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Scotland and the BSA

Apart from Oxford and Cambridge, one of the main groups admitted to the BSA in the period up to 1914 consisted of students from Scotland. A key influence was (Sir) William Ramsay (1851-1939), a graduate of the university of Aberdeen, who continued his studies at St John’s College, Oxford. Ramsay had travelled widely in Asia Minor and was elected a research fellow at Exeter College in 1882. He was subsequently appointed to the Lincoln and Merton Chair of Classical Archaeology at Oxford in 1885, before moving back to Aberdeen in 1886 where he was Regius professor of humanity.

At least three of Ramsay’s students completed their studies at Aberdeen and then continued their studies in England.

• John G.C. Anderson, son of the Revd Alexander Anderson, from Morayshire. On completing his studies in Aberdeen Anderson went to Christ Church as an exhibitioner (1891-96) aged 20, and then out to the BSA as Craven University Fellow. He was involved with the publication of epigraphic material from the School’s excavation at Kynosarges, and then travelled in Anatolia making a special study of Phrygia. One of Anderson’s achievements was the plotting of a map of Asia Minor.
• William Moir Calder, the son of a farmer. He went to Robert Gordon College, Aberdeen (1894-99), then Aberdeen University, where he obtained a 1st class in Classics (1903). Like Anderson he was admitted to Christ Church as an Exhibitioner (1903), aged 22. On completing his studies in 1907, he was admitted first to the British School at Rome under Thomas Ashby. Like Anderson he had an expertise in epigraphy.
• Margaret Masson Hardie, the daughter of a farmer from Chapelton, Drumblade near Elgin. She had been educated at Elgin Academy before moving to Aberdeen University where she obtained a 1st class in classics. She then continued her studies at Newnham College, obtaining a first in classics. She was admitted to the BSA in 1911/12 and assisted with Ramsay's epigraphic survey of the sanctuary of Men Askaenos at the Roman colony of Pisidian Antioch.

This pattern of continuing studies in England is found for students from Glasgow and Dundee. Two of the BSA students had previously studied at Glasgow.

• James George Frazer had studied at Larchfield Academy, Helensburgh, and then at the University of Glasgow (1869-74). Among the influences there was George Gilbert Ramsay, professor of humanity (1863-1906), who had been educated at Trinity College, Oxford. At the age of 20 Frazer went to Trinity College, Cambridge (1874-78) where he obtained a 1st class in the Classical Tripos (1878). Frazer was admitted to the BSA as a mature student to work on Pausanias.
• One of G.G. Ramsay’s other pupils was Campbell Cowan Edgar, from Tongland, Kirkubrightshire. He was educated at Ayr Academy, then Glasgow University (1887-91). For part of this time Edgar studied under (Sir) Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1875-89) and Gilbert Murray (1889-99), consecutive holders of the chair of Greek at Glasgow. After Glasgow, Edgar became Bible Clerk at Oriel College (1891), at the age of 20, continuing his study of classics (1891-95). The award of a Craven Fellowship allowed him to study in Athens where he gained archaeological experience at Kynosarges and on Melos. His contemporary at Oxford and in Athens was Anderson. Edgar worked with David Hogarth at Naukratis and shortly afterwards joined the catalogue commission in Cairo.

Other students from Scotland included:

• Hilda Lorimer, the daughter of Revd Robert Lorimer, was educated at Dundee High School at the University College, Dundee (1889-93) where she obtained a 1st class in classics. At the age of 20 she obtained a scholarship to continue her studies at Girton College, Cambridge, obtaining a first class in 1896. She was admitted to the School as Pfeiffer Travelling Student (1901-02) and was able to work with W. Dörpfeld of the German School.
• Duncan Mackenzie, who had studied in Edinburgh (1882-90), chose to study on continental Europe. He completed a doctorial thesis on Lycian sculpture from the University of Vienna (1895). His experience of continental archaeological training soon put him to good use in the BSA excavations on Melos, and then with Evans at Knossos.

Few students from Scotland were admitted directly from Scotland. During the session 1894/95 two theology students from Aberdeen went sent out:

• John Garrow Duncan, from Aberdeen, by the Church of Scotland.
• A.F. Findlay, by the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland.

Both worked specifically at modern Greek. Duncan became interest in Egyptian antiquities and worked with Petrie in Egypt and Palestine. Findlay worked specifically on the account of Paul at Athens in the Acts of the Apostles.

In 1895 there was a concerted move to improve the financial situation of the BSA. The appeal to the treasury was supported by academics from several universities in Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. This seems to have encouraged the admission of a number of students direct from Scotland.

• Archibald Paterson, an Edinburgh graduate, who went to Athens 1895/96, to work on Christian antiquities.
• W.W. Reid was a student of Ramsay in Aberdeen. Reid was admitted to the BSA on a Blackie Travelling Studentship (1896-97). He travelled through Asia Minor and Cyprus. He was later ordained a minister in the Church of Scotland.
• William Alexander Curtis, who had studied theology at Edinburgh, went to Athens at the age of 21 (1897-98), and was later to become a colleague of Ramsay at Aberdeen as professor of systematic theology (1903-15) before returning to Edinburgh.
• Mary Hamilton, a graduate of the University of St Andrews, was admitted to the BSA as a holder of a Research Fellowship under the Carnegie Trust (1905-06, 1906-07). She worked at the interface of theology and the classical world, in particular the custom of incubation.
• John Arnott Hamilton, an ordained minister and Edinburgh graduate, was admitted to the BSA at a mature student (1913-14). He had a long-standing interest in church architecture, and went out to Athens as a holder of the Blackie Scholarship to study Byzantine architecture completing a work on the church at Kaisariani.

Two former students of architecture at the Glasgow School of Art were admitted:

• David Theodore Fyfe (1899/1900), who became architect to the excavations at Knossos.
  
• Frank G. Orr (1905/06).

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Excavation Equipment: Melos, 1896

Robert Carr Bosanquet described landing on Melos with the project equipment in April 1896:

Then came a mule-ride—that is to say our luggage rode and we walked—of three quarters of an hour up to Trypiti. As the luggage included a bath, 2 cameras, 2 large portmanteaux, 1 Gladstone, 1 hold-all, 1 big roll, 1 bag and 117 small paper parcels, it was rather hard to arrange them all on 2 mules. The one that carried the bath looked like a new kind of tortoise.

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