El-Cezeri : Tarihin ilk robotunu Anadolu’da yapmış.

Bugün medeniyet dersi vermeye kalkışan Avrupalının, cahiliyet dömenini yaşadığı 1200'lü yıllarda; dünya bilim tarihinde çığır açan buluşlara imza atan Anadolulu mühendis El-Cezeri'nin hayatı ve çalışmaları belgesel film oldu. Yönetmenliğini Duygu Yılmaz'ın, proje ve metin yazarlığını da Beykent Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Sinema TV Bölümü öğretim üyesi Prof. Dr. Oğuz Makal'ın üstlendiği film, bilimin İslam toplumlarında eriştiği yüksek seviyeyi bir defa daha gözler önüne serdi. Belgeselde dünyada ilk robotun El-Cezeri tarafından yapıldığı anlatılıyor.

24 saatin kaşifi

1153 yılında Cizre'de doğan El-Cezeri'nin yaptığı otomatik makineler bugünkü teknolojik gelişmelerin temelini oluşturdu. El-Cezeri, 21 yaşında saray mühendisi olarak Diyarbakır'da Artuklular Beyliğinin hizmetine girdi. 30'lu yaşlarında sarayın baş mühendisi oldu. Cezeri, bir robot yaparak Artuklu hükümdarına takdim etti. Otomatik olarak çalışan ve kendi kendine bazı hareketler yapan alet, dünya tarihinin ilk robotu oldu. Bu dahi bilim adamımız, Leonardo da Vinci'den tam 300 sene evvel dişli çarklar ve esaslarına dair kaideleri kitabında neşretti. Hatta Leonardo da Vinci bu kaidelerin birçoğunu bilmemektedir. El-Cezeri, günü 24 eşit saate ayırarak dünya bilim tarihine adını yazdırdı. Bilimin kaynaklarına sahip çıkmaya çalışan Avrupalılar ise onun bulduğu saat düzenini ancak 18. yüzyılda kullanmaya başladı. Sibernetiğin babası
Sibernetik ilmi denince ilk akla El-Cezeri gelir. Sibernetik; atom çağından sonra kendi kendini kontrol eden makinelerin çağı olarak tarif edilir. Sibernetiğin makineleri dişliler, mandallar, palangalar ve kaldıraçlardan oluşuyor. El Cezeri; robotlar, saatler, su makineleri, şifreli kilitler, kasalar, termos, otomatik çocuk oyuncakları, otomatik yüzen kayık, su tulumbaları gibi çok sayıda buluşa imza attı. Günümüzde bütün motorlu vasıtalarda bulunan "krank mili"ni ilk defa o kullandı. El- Cezerî'nin yaptığı makinelerın çoğu su ile çalışır. Bu bakımdan El- Cezerî'ye su mühendisi demek çok yerinde bir ifade olur.

Hünerli Aletler Kitabı

El-Cezeri'nin günümüz Türkçesine "Mekanik Saatlerin Teorisi" adıyla çevrilebilecek olan "Kitab-ul Camii Beyn-el ilmi vel-amel En Nafi-i fi Sinaat-il Hiyel" ve "Hünerli Mekanik Aletler Bilgisi Kitabı" olarak tercüme edilen "Kitab'ül-Hiyel" isimli iki ünlü kitabı bulunuyor. 11 nüshası bulunan "Kitab'ül-Hiyel"lerin dördü Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi ve Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi'nde muhafaza ediliyor. 1233 yılında vefat eden El-Cezeri'nin mezarı, Cizre'deki Nuh Peygamber Camiinin avlusunda bulunuyor.

Minyatürlerle El-Cezeri

Duygu Yılmaz'ın El-Cezeri'yi anlatan belgesel film gösterimi, minyatür sanatçısı Leman Dinçtürk'ün hazırladığı minyatür sergisiyle birlikte yapılıyor. Leman Dinçtürk'ün Ebul-İz İsmail El-Cezeri'nin "Olağanüstü Mekanik Araçların Bilgisi Hakkında Kitap" isimli eserindeki minyatürlerden hazırladığı bu sergi, 18 Ocak'a kadar Beykent Üniversitesi Taksim Kampüsü Necati Abacı Sanat Galerisi'nde sanatseverlerle buluşacak. Daha sonra da Şişli Ayazağa Kampüsü Fuaye Alanı'nda 22 Ocak-1 Şubat 2008 tarihleri arasında ziyarete açık olacak.

Buradan Alıntıdır...

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Four Fat Burning Strategies That Work

Here are 4 fat burning strategies I learned from Turbulence Training that work...

Strategy #1 - Green Tea & Almonds

To prevent you from eating too much at a party, one of the most common tips you'll hear is to eat a little snacks before you go out. Unfortunately, this tip doesn't work for many people. Many still go to a party and end up eating too much.

Recently I discovered that having a cup of Green Tea and one ounce of almonds will help you to avoid the cravings at the party better than anything I've ever tried before. The fiber from the almonds reduces appetite while the small amount of caffeine from the Green Tea increases your mental alertness and keep you energized at the party. It's a great combination! Try it and see if it works for you...

Strategy #2 - Focus on good Nutrition and don't waste time on any fancy cardio programs.

Here are some nutrition tips:

• Focus on portion control.
• Avoid calorie drinks or beverages. Drink water instead.
• Write down everything you eat to identify your problem spots. Then do whatever you need to do to eliminate your weaknesses. If you don't record your nutrition, chances are you'll miss big opportunities to change your diet and lose fat.

Strategy #3 - Take care of yourself first.

Have you set aside time for yourself? When it comes to exercise, please be selfish! Set aside time to do exercise regularly, treat the time you spend for exercise as a life-long investment. Regular exercise will pay you BIG dividend, it gives you "GOOD HEALTH". So make sure you have had some exercise time for yourself, some good nutrition, and some good rest before doing too much for other people.

Strategy #4 - Take the opportunity to exercise in short bursts whenever possible.

Don't be afraid to dance at a party. Don't worry, there is bound to be at least one worse dancer than you. Just have fun and get down to business!

Get out of your bed 15 minutes early then perform a 12-15 Turbulence Training workouts.

Implement the above strategies and stay healthy and fit for life!

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Cambridge, Part 1, and the BSA

Most Cambridge students (in the period 1886-1914) were admitted to the BSA after Part 2 of the Classical Tripos. Only three students were admitted immediately after Part 1.

• Arthur George Bather (1868-1928), King's College; Part 1, 1st, 1889; BSA, 1889/90; Part 2, 1st, 1891.
• Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935), Trinity College; Part 1, 1st, 1892; BSA, 1892/93; Part 2, 1st, 1894.
• (Sir) John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958), King's College; Part 1, 1st, 1898; BSA, 1898/99; Part 2, 1st, 1900.

Bosanquet was a future director of the BSA (1900-06), and Marshall became director-general of archaeology in India (1902-28). Bather was an assistant master at Winchester (1894-1928).

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City of London School and BSA

Four BSA students had been educated at the City of London School. Gardner was the first student admitted to the BSA and its second director (after Penrose).

• Ernest Arthur Gardner (1862-1939), Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge; BSA 1886/87; director 1887-95.
• Charles Henry Hawes (1867-1943), Trinity College, Cambridge; BSA 1904/05.
• Frederick Arthur Charles Morrison (1872-1899), Jesus College, Cambridge; BSA 1896/97.
• John Knight Fotheringham (1874-1936), Merton College, Oxford; BSA 1898/99.

Alfred John Spilsbury (1874-1940), who had been educated at Christ's Hospital and was admitted to the BSA in 1897/98, was later the senior classical master at the City of London School.

Percy Gardner (1846-1937), Ernest's brother and later the Lincoln and Merton professor of classical archaeology at Oxford (where he influenced numerous future students of the BSA), had attended the school under George Ferris Whidborne Mortimer (1805–1871), headmaster 1840-65. Percy Gardner recalled his time at the City of London School (Autobiographica, Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1933):

In those days the School ... was in Milk Street, within a stone-throw of Cheapside, and we boys had to pass through the heart of London daily, and, since there was no play-ground, spent the half-hour allowed for lunch in roaming about the precincts of the Guildhall. ... there was on every side a stirring and an energy which acted upon the minds of boys at an impressionable age, perhaps rather below them above consciousness.

Edwin Abbott Abbott (1838-1926) was the successor to Mortimer as headmaster from 1865 to 1889.

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İnternette Türkçe Kullanımı

İNTERNETTE TÜRKÇE KULLANIMI
İnternet dilinde ilk dikkati çeken özellik, İngilizce sözcüklerin İngilizce karakterlerle ve çok yoğun olarak kullanılmasıdır.
Örneğin;
AnalogBillboardButonChatDomainDownloade-carde-maile-passfitnesshackerhyperlinkimagemaplinkmodemmultimediaplug-inserversitetrojanuserwap vb.
Yeni kavramları karşılamak üzere oluşturulan sözcük öbeklerinde de aynı durum gözlenmektedir. Örneğin;
Chat odasıDial-up abonelikDijital verie-mail adresie-pack abonelerie-pack kullanıcısıgrafik ortamhaber portalıinteraktif alışverişmail adresimail gruplarımail listesiözel chatreceive komutusite haritasısuperonline shoppingweb adresiworld wide web vb.
Tümüyle veya bir ölçüde Türkçeleştirildikleri halde İngilizce biçimleriyle bir arada kullanılmaya devam edilen sözcük ve sözcük öbekleri de az değil.
Örneğin;
1Attachment eklenti

2Clickle-, klikle-, -tıkla-

3Content advisor - içerik danışmanı

4Domain name - web sitesi adı

5Firewall -güvenlik duvarı

6Freeware -ücretsiz sürüm programı

7News reader - haber okuma

8News server - haber sunucusu

9Nick name -takma ad / müstear

10Home Page -ana sayfa

11Port - kanal

12Snail mail -salyangoz posta

13Subdomain -alt alan

15Web browser -web tarayıcısı vb.


Bazı Türkçe fiillerden yararlanılarak bileşik fiiller oluşturulmuş ama İngilizce sözcüklere doğrudan -la, -le eki getirilerek de yeni filler yapıldığı görülebiliyor;
Download etmeke-kart yapmake-mail almake-mail atmake-mail göndermekinvite yapmak vb.Linke tıklamakReply etmekSörf yapmak
Az da olsa görülen Türkçe sözcük ve sözcük öbekleri, istendiğinde, Türkçenin bu alanı karşılayabilecek zenginlikte olduğunu gösteriyor.
Arama motoruÇevirmeli ağÇevirmeli bağdaştırıcıÇevirmeli bağlanmakÇift tıklamakDonanım sürücüsüErişimSanalSohbet odasıSunucu bilgisayarTasarımYazılım sıkıştırması
Cümle düzeyinde bakıldığında şu tip örnekler karşımıza çıkıyor:
- Anet IRC Server'inde içeriği ne olursa olsun reklam ve invite yapmak yasaktır. Yapan user'lerin server ile bağlantıları kesilecektir.
- Ada-Net Türkiyede local IP dağıtmaya yetkili firma olarak Ripe Net'in Türkiyedeki Local server'ıdır.
- Download sitemizde yer alan programların tamamı shareware, freeware veya trialware'dir.
- Kayıt ve e-pass yüklemelerimizi online ile yapabilirsiniz.
- Hotmail'den bir e-posta adresini Outlook Express 5 içinden Tools New Account Sign up Hotmail komutuyla bedava alabilirsiniz.
- Grafi 2000 en iyi 800x600 çözünürlükte internet Explorer 4.0 ve üstü Browser'larda görünür.
- Animasyonları izleyemiyorsanız yandaki butona tıklayıp "Shockwave&Flash Player" Pluginini download etmeniz gerekiyor.
- Sağdaki linke tıklayıp e-posta adresi alabilirsiniz.
- Netmeeting aynı zamanda metin tabanlı sohbet, uygulama paylaşımı, whiteboard gibi özelliklere de sahiptir.
Ancak;
- Kullandığınız yazılımı destekleyen bir sunucu üzerinden o an sunucuya bağlı herkesi görüp istediğinizle sesli/görüntülü haberleşme talep edebilirsiniz.
gibi az sayıda örnekte son derece başarılı bir Türkçeleştirme de görülebiliyor.

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Eton and the BSA

Eton had the second largest grouping of students at the BSA after Winchester. The number included one director (Bosanquet, who had also served as assistant director to David Hogarth), and one assistant director (Piddington, assistant to Cecil Harcourt Smith).

Of this group, six had continued their studies at Cambridge:

• Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936), King's College, Cambridge; BSA 1887/88. Later Provost of Eton 1918-36.
• William Loring (1865-1915), King's College, Cambridge; BSA 1889/90 and subsequent years.
• Robert John Grote Mayor (1869-1947), King's College, Cambridge; BSA 1892/93.
• Vincent Wodehouse Yorke (1869-1957), King's College, Cambridge; BSA 1892/93, 1893/94.
• Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935), Trinity College, Cambridge; BSA 1892/93 and subsequent years; assistant director, 1899/1900; director 1900/06.
• Arthur Charles Sheepshanks (1884-1961), Trinity College, Cambridge; BSR and BSA 1907/08; assistant master at Eton 1906-38.

Two went up to Oxford:

• Charles Cuthbert Inge (1868-1957), Magdalen College, Oxford; BSA 1891/92.
• John George Piddington (J.G. Smith) (b. 1869), Magdalen College, Oxford; BSA 1891/92; re-admitted 1895/96 as assistant director to Cecil Harcourt Smith.

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Ciao for now...

Today was our last day in the big city....Bye, bye Buenos Aires and hello Ushuaia. We had a great time in the city....Renting that apartment for a week was a great idea, becuase it gave us a chance to really explore the city without feeling rushed and to see parts of the city we never would have. A couple interesting things happened today, on our last day.

Number one: the family of the landlord came to inspect the apartment and they were not happy about the door. But, instead of just coming to an agreement, they had to fuss and moan for a while before we could get out of there...It was really a long and drawn out ordeal that could have been taken care of in a much more efficient manner. The only good thing was that they arrived at our meeting on time, which is a lot more than we can say about when they came to meet with us in the first place (they were 2 hours late).

Number two: I ate a piece of blood sausage. And I am alive to tell the tale. I was not planning on eating it. I have not eated red meat in...oh about 15 years or so... But S was being a wimp and he wouldnt try it, so I told him that I would try it if he would. I did not think he would go for it, in fact he said no at first. Until everyone else egged him on, telling him that if a vegetarian can eat it, he better be able to... So he ate a small piece and I ate a small piece... It wasnt that great, and I dont think I ever need to have it again. But my mom always told me to try everything at least once.

That is it. Now we say good bye to Buenos Aires and we head to the End of the World, Ushuaia, for some hiking, beautiful sights and general enjoyment...

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Marlborough and the BSA

A series of BSA students had been educated at Marlborough, including one director.

Two contemporaries at Marlborough were Hercules Henry West (1856-1937) [1871-75] and Roandeu Albert Henry Bickford-Smith (1859-1916) [1871-74]. West would have been taught by Francis Storr, and both by William Mordaunt Furneaux. Both were admitted to the BSA around the age of 40 [West in 1896/97 and Bickford-Smith in 1899/1900] and long after the completion of their studies at Trinity College, Cambridge.

One of the key influences for the remaining Marlborough students is likely to have been Lewis Edward Upcott, assistant master at Marlborough from 1875-1911 (and replacing Storr). He would have taught Edward Frederic Benson (1867-1940) [1881-87], Richard McGillivray Dawkins (1871-1955) [1884-90], John Winter Crowfoot (1873-1959) [1887-92], and John Percival Droop (1882-1963). (Of these, only Crowfoot went to Oxford.) Upcott had been educated at Sherborne and had won a classical scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He had an interest in Greek archaeology and wrote An introduction to Greek sculpture (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887).

A further generation of Marlborough students would have been influenced by Alexander Cradock Bolney Brown ("Sweaty B.") who was assistant master at Marlborough (1908-42). He had been educated at Winchester and then New College, Oxford. During his year at the BSA (1905/06) he excavated in Boeotia. His impact on archaeology is unclear as some his earliest pupils would have served in the First World War.

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John Pendlebury: The Rash Adventurer

The research of John Pendlebury (1904-41) bridged the gap between Bronze Age Crete and Egypt. He was educated at Winchester, and Pembroke College, Cambridge. Grundon's detailed study gives a view of research at the BSA during the 1920s and 1930s. It covers Pendlebury's key work on Crete and his excavations at Amarna. There is a detailed discussion of Pendlebury's role in the defence of Crete in 1941.

Grundon, I. 2007. The rash adventurer: a life of John Pendlebury. London: Libri. [Amazon] [WorldCat]

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BSA Students and the First World War: Harry Pirie-Gordon

Gill, D. W. J. 2006. "Harry Pirie-Gordon: historical research, journalism and intelligence gathering in the eastern Mediterranean (1908-18)." Intelligence and National Security 21: 1045-59.

Abstract
British scholars were active in the Levant during the years leading up to the outbreak of the First World War. Harry Pirie-Gordon toured medieval castles in the region during the spring of 1908 under the auspices of the British School at Athens; T.E. Lawrence used his maps in the following year. Pirie-Gordon continued to travel widely in the Near East as a member of the Foreign Department of The Times and was involved with the survey of the Syrian coastline around Alexandretta. He was commissioned in the RNVR in 1914 and took part in the raid by HMS Doris on Alexandretta. Pirie-Gordon served in an intelligence capacity at Gallipoli before returning to Cairo to work with David Hogarth. In 1916 he was involved with the occupation of Makronisi (Long Island) in the Gulf of Smyrna. Later that year he took charge of the EMSIB operation at Salonica until its purge in early 1917. Pirie-Gordon returned to the Arab Bureau in Cairo and took part in the Palestine campaign.

[On-line]

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