Battle Of Stalingrad: A Picture Album (Unseen Pictures)

Stalingrad was a peaceful bustling city. Until.....

The German bombers appeared over the sky. And the bombs fell....

The aerial assault on Stalingrad, the most concentrated on the Ostfront, represented the natural culmination of Richthofen's career since Guernica. Fourth Air Fleet aircraft flew a total of 1,600 sorties that day and dropped 1,000 tons of bombs for the loss of only three machines. According to some estimates, there had been nearly 600,000 people in Stalingrad, and 40,000 were killed during the first week of bombardment.

The reason why so many citizens and refugees still remained onthe west bank of the Volga was typical of the regime. The NKVD had commandeered almost all river craft, while allotting a very low priority to evacuating the civil population. Then Stalin, deciding that no panic must be allowed, refused to permit the inhabitants of Stalingrad to be evacuated across the Volga. This, he thought, would force the troops, especially the locally raised militia, to defend the city more desperately. 'No one bothered about human beings,' observed one of the boys trapped behind with their mothers. 'We too were just meat for the guns.

On their third evening, German panzers sank a paddle-steamer taking women and children from the city to the east bank. Hearing screams and cries for help, soldiers asked their commander if they could use some of the pioneers' inflatable boats to rescue them. But the lieutenant refused. 'We know how the enemy fights this war,' he replied. After night had fallen, the panzer crews pulled their blankets up over their heads so that they did not hear the cries any more.Some women managed to swim to the west bank, but most swam to a sandbank where they stayed the whole of the next day. The Germans did not fire when they were evacuated the next night, as proof that they were different from the Russians.

CHUIKOV ARRIVES ON THE SCENE

The following morning, General Chuikov received a summons to the new headquarters at Yamy of the joint military council for the Stalingrad and South-Western Fronts. It took him all day and most of the night to cross the Volga and find the spot. The glow from the blazing buildings in Stalingrad was so strong that, even on the east bank of the broad Volga, there was no need to switch on the headlights of his Lend-Lease jeep.When Chuikov finally saw Khrushchev and Yeremenko the next morning, they stated the situation. The Germans were prepared to take the city at any price. There could be no surrender. There was nowhere to retreat to. Chuikov had been proposed as the new army commander in Stalingrad.'Comrade Chuikov,' said Khrushchev. 'How do you interpret your task?'

'We will defend the city or die in the attempt,' he replied. Yere-menko and Khrushchev looked at him and said that he had understood his task correctly

 Stalingrad burns...

German Stukas over Stalingrad

Germany came to a bad end at Stalingrad. Cemetery of German soldiers who fell here...

The once bustling Red Square in Stalingrad lay in ruins... The Russians did the same to Berlin three years later...

German soldiers at Stalingrad

Sixth Army chief, general Paulus inspects a gunner position

A German signboard warns, "Stalingrad is dangerous. Peril"

Russians warily approach dead German soldiers

General Paulus at Red Square in Stalingrad

German soldiers in action

The dejection had set in.... The Russians had the Sixth Army surrounded

"Forbidden to enter the city. The curious endanger not only their lives but also those of their comrades." 

 The nazi flag flies over a ruined city

Top German officers at Stalingrad: General Paulus, the Freiherr von Weichs Generaloberst and General der Artillerie von Seydlitz 

 Soviet propaganda poster: "Dad is dead. Complain to Hitler, he is responsible" 

General Paulus at the aerodrome of Gumrak 

Radio message of General Paulus to OKW, reporting the imminent capitulation 

 Paulus before he surrendered. Hitler had forbidden him to capitulate. He had told him to die with his men.

Soviet poster urging German soldiers to surrender. "German soldiers, follow our advice: accept my surrender, comrade, and not shoot me" 

 The last message broadcast by the German Sixth Army.  February 2, 1943:
"High clouds at 5,000 meters. Visibility 12 km. Clouds. Small isolated cloud fields. Temperature 31 degrees below zero. Fog and mist red on Stalingrad. End of the weather. Greetings to home"

 Paulus with Russian officers after surrendering

 These men did not have a chance to surrender....

 The Nazi dream had begun to shatter...

 These men surrendered. The officers....From left to right: Generalmajor Dimitriu, of the 20th Infantry Division Romanian. Generalleutnant von Daniels, of the 376th Infantry Division. Generalleutnant Schlömer, the XIV. Panzerkorp. Generalmajor von Drebber, the 297th Infantry Division. Generalleutnant  Renoldi, Military Medical Corps of the Sixth Army. All of them, prisoners of war.

General Paulus' staff

The Schmidt Generalleutnant

Generalstabsarzt (Military Medical Corps) Prof. Dr. Renoldi 

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Posters From Nazi Germany During WW2

“Smash the Enemies of Greater Germany!” A literal translation would be:” Into Dust with All Enemies of Greater Germany.”The aim was to boost the morale of Germans.

Poster of a anti-semitic film The Eternal Jew. (Read More about the film here)

Another rabid anti_Jewish poster. Published in 1943-44. “The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war.”

 A SS recruitment poster

 1941. The woman works on the field while her husband fights at the front

 1944. “Infantry: The Queen of the Services.”

 1941. This one is for the factory workers. "You are the front"

Anti Jewish poster in Russian. 1941. “Get the Jewish-Bolshevist warmongers out of Europe!”

 May 1942. "Work as hard for victory as hard we fight for it"

1942. “One battle, one will, one goal: Victory at any cost!” The poster is by “Mjölnir,” Goebbels’ artist from Berlin, whose real name was Hans Schweitzer (1901-1980)

 "Adolph Hitler is victory". It was removed after the disaster at Stalingrad.

1943. After Stalingrad. "Victory or Bolshevism"

This was used in occupied Europe and satellite nations. It suggests that they all are an united Europe against Bolshevism

This was for the workers. "Build more for the front"

1943-44. SS recruitment poster. "Enlist now"

1943 “Shame on you, chatterer! The enemy is listening. Silence is your duty.”

 Later in the war. "Mothers, fight for your children"

Later in the war. warning people to put off lights. “The enemy sees your light! Black out!”

 A recruitment poster for the Ukrainian division of the SS. Fighting the Soviets.


Source: Calvin.edu

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TRİFLEX SAM-E NEDİR TRİFLEXTEN FARKI NEDİR

Triflex SAM-e, etkinliği ispatlanmış glukozamin/kondroitin/MSM aktif maddelerine SAM-e bileşeni eklenerek formülize edilmiştir. Yaşayan her hücrede bulunan, insan vücudunda doğal olarak üretilen SAM-e konsantrasyonu yaşla birlikte azalmaktadır. Sülfür içeriğiyle, kıkırdak ve eklemlere elastik yapı sağlayan kolajen oluşumu için gereklidir. Kıkırdak hasarına neden olan enzim aktivitesini engelleyerek kıkırdağı korur veya hastalığın hızla ilerleyişini engeller. Kıkırdak üzerine tüm bu olumlu etkileriyle formülde yer alan diğer bileşenlerle sinerjik etki gösterir.

SAM-e’yi diğer aktif maddelerden ayıran en önemli özelliklerden biri de sinir iletimi üzerine etkisi ve tek başına yüksek dozlarda depresyon tedavisinde de tercih edilmesidir.

Genelde 3 ay boyunca günde 2-3 (sabah öğle akşam 1 er adet) tok karnına kullanılması önerilir

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YENİ GÜNEŞ SİSTEMİ BULUNDU YILDIZ VE GEZEGENLER

Avrupa Güney Gözlemevi ESO, güneş sistemine en çok benzeyen gezegen sistemini keşfetti. Yeni keşfedilen HD 10180 isimli gezegenin etrafında en az 5 gezegen olduğu açıklanırken, mevcut Güneş Sistemi'mize en çok benzeyen sistem olduğu belirtildi. Bilim adamları, yıldızın etrafında dönen gezegenlerin Güneş Sistemi'ndeki gezegenlerle benzerlik gösterebilecğini belirtti.

Araştırmacılar sistemin ayrıca şimdiye dek bulunan en küçük kütleli gezegeni de içeren 2 tane daha gezegen içerebileceğine dair kanıtlara da sahip olduğunu açıklandı. Gezegen sayısı bakımından Güneş Sistemi'ne en çok benzeyen sistem olduğu açıklanırken, araştırmacılar, gezegenlerin yıldızdan uzaklığının Güneş Sistemi'nde de görüldüğü gibi düzenli bir sıra izlediği yönünde kanıtlar buldu.

ESO yaptığı açıklamada, "Çok beklenen, en çok gezegenli sistemi bulmuş olduk. Bu dikkate değer keşif aslında ötegezegen araştırmalarında yeni bir döneme girdiğimize işaret etmektedir. Sadece tekli gezegenlerin değil, karmaşık gezegen sistemlerinin araştırılması. Yeni sistemdeki gezegen hareketlerinin araştırılması gezegenler arasındaki karmaşık kütleçekimsel etkileşimleri gözler önüne sermekte ve sistemin uzun-dönemli evrimi hakkında derinlemesine bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır" denildi.

Şili'deki gözlemevi, sistemde yer alan 5 ya da daha fazla gezegenin karmaşık kütleçekimsel etkileşimleri yıldız üzerinde küçük yer değiştirme hareketine neden olduğunu belirtti. Gökbilimciler bu etki nedeniyle sistemin çekim merkezi etrafında dolanan yıldızın ileriye ve geriye doğru olan küçük hareketini 190 ayrı HARPS ölçümü sayesinde tespit ettiler. Bilimadamları, yeni keşfedilen sistemde tüm gezegenlerin neredeyse dairesel bir yörüngeye sahip olduğunu belirtti. ESO, Şili'nin Atacama Çölü bölgesinde eşsiz 3 adet birinci sınıf gözlem yerleşkesi işletmektedir: La Silla, Paranal ve Chajnantor. ESO Paranal'da dünyanın en gelişmiş optik gökbilim gözlemevi olan Çok Büyük Teleskop'u (Very Large Telescope), ve dünyanın en büyük tarama teleskopu VISTA'yı işletmektedir. ESO varolan en büyük gökbilim projesi ve devrimsel gökbilim teleskopu ALMA'nın Avrupalı ortağıdır. ESO şu anda "gökyüzünü izleyen dünyanın en büyük gözü" olacak 42-metre çapında Avrupa Aşırı Büyük optik/yakın kızılöte Teleskopu, E-ELT'yi inşa etmeyi planlıyor.

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A BSI Archival History sampler

Each book published in the series has its own page at the BSI Archival History website, with notes, table of contents, introduction or preface, and acknowledgments (and occasionally other material as well).  I've now added to each a sample of text from the book which seems to me emblematic of the slice of history it covers. To go directly to the Books page of the website, click on http://www.bsiarchivalhistory.org/BSI_Archival_History/Books.html

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Reviews by Winifred Lamb 4

Winifred Lamb reviewed the following as 'W.L.':

• Beazley, J. D.: Attic red-figured vases in American museums. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1918. In Burlington Magazine 35, No. 197 (Aug., 1919), 81-82. [JSTOR]
• Herford, Mary A.B.: A Handbook of Greek Vase Painting. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1919. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 35, No. 199 (Oct., 1919), 174-175. [JSTOR]
• Beazley, J. D.: The Lewes House Collection of Ancient Gems. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920. In Burlington Magazine 37 (Nov., 1920) 256-57 [JSTOR].
• Pfuhl, Ernst (translated by J.D. Beazley): Masterpieces of Greek Drawing and Painting. London: Chatto & Windus, 1926. In Burlington Magazine 50, no. 290 (May 1927), 278. [JSTOR]
• Beazley, J. D.: Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Great Britain fascicule 3. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, fascicule 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927. In Burlington Magazine 51, No. 296 (Nov., 1927), 259-260. [JSTOR]
• Lunsingh Scheurleer, C.W.: Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. I-Pays Bas, Musée Scheurleer. II-France, Collection Mouret (Fouilles d'Ensérrune). In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 53, No. 306 (Sep., 1928), 151-52. [JSTOR]
• Strong, Eugénie: Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Antiquities in the Possession of the Right Honorable Lord Melchett. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 55, No. 318 (Sep., 1929), 154-55. [JSTOR]
• Evans, Arthur: The Palace of Minos at Knossos. Vol. III. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 58, No. 334 (Jan., 1931), 53. [JSTOR]
• Caskey , L.D.: Attic Vase Paintings in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 60, No. 348 (Mar., 1932), 168-69. [JSTOR]
• Beazley, J. D.: Der Pan-Maler Berlin: 1931. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 60, No. 350 (May, 1932), 265-66. [JSTOR]
• Stawell, F. Melian: A Clue to the Cretan Scripts. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 61, No. 352 (Jul., 1932), 49 [JSTOR]
• Johansen, K. Friis and Chr. Blinkenberg: Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Denmark, Copenhagen, Musée National by ; Oxford Ashmolean Museum, II. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 61, No. 355 (Oct., 1932), 188-89. [JSTOR]
• Ducati, Pericle: Pontische Vasen. Bilder Griechischer Vasen by J. D. Beazley; Paul Jacobsthal. Berlin: 1932. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 63, No. 364 (Jul., 1933), 49. [JSTOR]
• Beazley, J. D.: Der Kleophrades-Maler. Bilder Griechischer Vasen Vol. VI. Berlin: 1933; Payne, H.G.G.:  Protokorinthische Vasenmalerei. Bilder Griechischer Vasen Vol. VII. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 64, No. 374 (May, 1934), 247. [JSTOR]
• Luce, Stephen B.: Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Providence, Rhode Island 1. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 65, No. 377 (Aug., 1934), 95-96. [JSTOR]

Others:

• Hill , George F.: Select Greek Coins. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 51, No. 295 (Oct., 1927), 200-201. [JSTOR]
• Lawrence , A.W.: Later Greek Sculpture and Its Influence on East and West. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 52, No. 299 (Feb., 1928), 104. [JSTOR]
• Lövy, Emanuel: Polygnot: ein Buch von Griechischer Malerei. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 58, No. 335 (Feb., 1931), 102. [JSTOR]
• Contenau , C. and V. Chapot: L'Art Antique: Orient, Grece, Rome. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 59, No. 341 (Aug., 1931), 96. [JSTOR]
• Gallatin, Albert: Syracusan Decadrachms of the Euainetos Type. In The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 59, No. 341 (Aug., 1931), 96-97 [JSTOR]

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