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    Sende kalemine güveniyorsan web sitemizde bir şeyler paylaşmak yazmak istiyorsan siteinin en aşağısında bulunan iletişim formunu kullanarak bizimle iletişime gecebilirisni

Do Bodybuilding Cutting Exercises Work?

Bodybuilding Cutting Exercises Don't Work For Getting Ripped
By: Craig Ballantyne, CSCS, MS
www.TurbulenceTraining.com

If you do a lot of cardio trying to get ripped, you are wasting your time. Same with high repetition sets. High repetition sets do not get you cut or ripped.

This is a myth, and there's a much better way to sculpt your body, get ripped, and finally achieve the elusive 6-pack.

But again, let me repeat, you won't succeed with high-repetition sets using light weights. And don't even worry about the "pump", but that's another article for another day.

Getting ripped is all about nutrition and intensity. We want to be able to see our well-earned muscles and our 6-pack abs.

And that's why we get lured into the belief of the cutting exercises. Because it causes a burn in our muscles, we generally think, hey, this must be burning fat. But it's not! It's just a fatiguing sensation.

If you are using a high-rep, cutting program, I doubt you are getting the results you want. You don't need to be in the gym too long.

There is a better way to burn fat. A faster way. And a smarter way. It doesn't involve "toning" workouts or "Cutting exercises". What you need to do for fat loss, and getting cut, is to focus on the same exercises that helped you build muscle in the first place.

So forget the pec-dec, and stick with dumbell presses. Say goodbye to leg extensions, and keep using squats and lunges. Next up is the shocker! Use intervals to cut fat fast!

Instead, we'll use interval training to burn fat and boost our metabolism in less than half the time as a normal cardio workout. Only 20 minutes of interval training done 3 times per week resulted in weight loss in one Australian study.

On the other hand, three 40-minute cardio sessions did not cause any weight loss in the same study. Shocking results, but it just goes to show you the power of intensity.

No more slow boring aerobics. That means saying goodbye to light weights and high reps and long slow cardio. Goodbye, nice to know you! If you want to get ripped muscles, diet hard?

First, you need the proper dietary changes to promote muscle gains and body fat reductions. Nutrition is the most important factor for fat burning and getting cut.

If your nutrition sucks, and you eat fast food or skip meals, you are in big trouble. There is no workout good enough to overcome bad nutrition. Next, focus on multi-muscle strength exercises and finish with interval training to burn more calories out of the gym.

Basic exercises such as squats, pushes, rows, and pulls done for 3-4 sets of 8 repetitions. If you did a squat, a press, and a row in each workout, and then did intervals, you'd get ripped if your nutrition was good. Work hard! Diet harder.

Forget about slow boring cardio. You need to do short burst exercise instead. Consistency is key for getting cut.

Work hard, and diet harder!


About the Author:
Craig Ballantyne is a Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist and writes for Men's Health, Men's Fitness, Maximum Fitness, Muscle and Fitness Hers, and Oxygen magazines. His trademarked Turbulence Training fat loss workouts have been featured multiple times in Men’s Fitness and Maximum Fitness magazines, and have helped thousands of men and women around the world lose fat, gain muscle, and get lean in less than 45 minutes three times per week. For more information on the Turbulence Training workouts that will help you burn fat without long, slow cardio sessions or fancy equipment, visit www.TurbulenceTraining.com

Oxford and Craven University Fellowships

Craven Fellowships
The Fellowships shall be open to all who shall have passed the examinations required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and who shall not have exceeded the 28th term from their matriculation. They shall be of the annual value of £200, and shall be tenable for two years. One Fellow shall be elected annually in Michaelmas Term by a committee of five persons appointed for the purpose by the Board of the Faculty of Arts (Literæ Humaniores). The committee shall have power to elect either without examination or after such examination in Greek and Latin literature, history and antiquities, or in some part of these subjects, as they shall think fit. … He shall be required as a condition of his becoming entitled to the emoluments of his Fellowship to spend at least eight months of each of the two years of his tenure thereof in residence abroad for the purpose of study at some place or places approved by the selecting committee.

  • 1886/87. David George Hogarth. Magdalen College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1885).
  • 1888/89. H. Arnold Tubbs. Pembroke College. BA (1889). BSA admitted 1888/89.
  • 1889/90. George Chatterton Richards. Balliol College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1889).
  • 1890/91. Henry Stuart-Jones. Balliol College; Fellow of Trinity College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1890).
  • 1891/92. William John Woodhouse. Queen's College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1889). Admitted BSA 1889/90 (Oxford Studentship; Sir Charles Newton Studentship).
  • 1892/93. John Linton Myres. New College; Fellow of Magdalen College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1892).
  • 1895/96. Campbell Cowan Edgar. Oriel College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1895).
  • 1896/97. John George Clark Anderson. Christ Church. Lit. Hum. 1st (1896).
  • 1898/99, 1899/1900. Francis Bertram Welch. Magdalen College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1898).
  • 1899/1900. John Henry Hopkinson. University College. Lit. Hum. 2nd (1899).
  • 1901/02. Marcus Niebuhr Tod. St John's College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1901).
  • 1904/05. Guy Dickins. New College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1904).
  • 1906/07. Thomas Eric Peet. The Queen's College. Lit. Hum. 2nd (1905).
  • 1907/08. William Moir Calder. Christ Church. Lit. Hum. 1st (1907).
  • 1908/09. Maurice Scott Thompson. Corpus Christi College. Lit. Hum. 2nd (1907).
  • 1910/11 (awarded 1909). William Reginald Halliday. New College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1909).
  • 1913/14. Roger Meyrick Heath. Oriel College. Lit. Hum. 1st (1912).
Craven Studentship
The Oxford studentships were nominated by the Committee of the Craven Fund. They were initially worth £50, but were then offered in alternate years worth £100. (See also Cambridge Studentships.)
  • 1889/90. William John Woodhouse . The Queen's College.
  • 1890/91. Joseph Grafton Milne. Corpus Christi.
  • 1891/92. Charles Cuthbert Inge. Magdalen College.
  • 1892/93. J. Milne Cheetham. Christ Church.
  • 1896/97. John Winter Crowfoot. Brasenose.
  • 1897/98. Alfred John Spilsbury. The Queen's College.
  • 1898/99. John Knight Fotheringham. Merton; Senior Demy at Magdalen College (1898-1902).
  • 1900/01. Kingdon Tregosse Frost. Brasenose.
  • 1901/02. Marcus Niebuhr Tod. St John's. Senior Student.
  • 1902/03. Edward Seymour Forster. Oriel.
  • 1904/05. Max Otto Bismark Caspari (Max Cary). Corpus Christi.
  • 1906/07. Guy Dickins. New College.
  • 1910/11. Edward Stanley Gotch Robinson. Christ Church.
  • 1912/13. Stanley Casson. St John's.
  • 1914/15. Cyril Bertram Moss-Blundell. New College. Student elect.

This list will be updated.

Cambridge and other studentships

There were several sources of funding for Cambridge students including the Prendergast Greek Studentship and the Craven Studentship (both worth £200), and the Cambridge Studentships (initially worth £50, and then £100 but awarded in alternate years).

The Worts Fund
  • Edward Frederic Benson (1867-1940). King's. BSA 1891/92 (Worts Fund).
  • The Fund awarded the BSA £100 per annum, initially for three years, 'with a view to encouraging archaeological research in Hellenic lands' (October 1895).
  • Alan J.B. Wace and John P. Droop were awarded £30 'towards defraying the expense of an excavation to be undertaken in Southern Thessaly' (December 1907).
Other Funds
  • 1887/88: Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936). King's. Grant of £100 from Cambridge University for work on Cyprus.
  • 1901/02: Elizabeth Hilda Lockhart Lorimer (1873-1954). Girton: Pfeiffer Studentship, £40 (1901/02), 'to proceed to Athens to study Athenian vase paintings of the latter half of the fifth century B.C.'.
  • 1903/04: Margery Katharine Welsh (1880-1960). Newnham: Marion Kennedy Studentship from Newnham College 1903/04.
  • 1903/04: John Laurence Stokes (1881-1948). Pembroke: Prior Scholarship from Pembroke College 1903/04.

Cambridge Studentships

Two studentships, each worth £50, were offered to students from Oxford and Cambridge from 1886. The studentships were then combined to make a single studentship, worth £100, to be offered to Cambridge and Oxford students in alternate years.

Other sources of funding for Cambridge students included the Prendergast Greek Studentship and the Craven Studentship (both worth £200).

The Cambridge Studentships included:
  • 1886/87 (Cambridge and Craven University Student): Ernest Arthur Gardner (1862-1939). Gonville & Caius. First Cambridge student.
  • 1889/90: William Loring (1865-1915). King's. Part 2, 1st (1889).
  • 1890/91: Edward Ernest Sikes (1867-1940). St John's. Part 2, archaeology, 1st (1890).
  • 1891/92: Arthur George Bather (1868-1928). King's. Part 2, 1st (1891). First admitted 1889/90.
  • 1892/93: Edward Frederic Benson (1867-1940). King's. Part 2, 1st (1891). First admitted 1891/92 (Worts Fund).
  • 1893/94: Arthur George Bather (1868-1928). King's. Previous holder of Cambridge Studentship (1891/92); Prendergast Greek Studentship (1892/93).
  • 1898/99: Clement Gutch (1875-1908). King's. Part 2, Greek and Roman Archaeology, 1st (1898).
  • 1899/1900: Solomon Charles Kaines-Smith (1876-1958). Magdalene. Part 2, 1st (1898).
  • 1901/02: Frederick William Hasluck (1878-1920). King's. Part 2, 1st (1901).
  • 1905/06: Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard (1881-1968). Gonville & Caius. Part 2, 1st (1904).
  • 1909/10: Sidney Wilson Grose (1886-1980). Christ's. Part 2, classical archaeology, distinction (1909).
  • 1911/12: Margaret Masson Hardie (1885-1948). Newnham College. 1st.
  • 1913/14: Max Ludwig Wolfram Laistner (1890-1959). Jesus College. Part 2, 1st (1912). BSA Craven Studentship 1912/13.

Yeraltı Heykel Ordusu - Terracotta Army (Çin)

Dünyanın en ilgi çekici imparator mezarı olarak kabul edilen, yaklaşık 2 bin yıl önce Çin tarihinin en önemli kişiliklerinden biri olan İmparator Qin Shihuang tarafından inşa ettirilmiş olan ve Dünyanın 8. Harikası olarak tanımlanan müzenin diğer adı imparatorun ismini taşıyan Qin Shihuang Mezarlığıdır.











Mezarı yaptıran Qin (M.Ö 259-M.Ö 210), Çin feodal toplumunun ilk imparatoruydu. Çin'i birleştiren ilk hükümdar olan Shihuang döneminde Çin siyasal güçlenme aşamasına başlamıştır.

O zamanlar imparatorlar kendileri için lüks mezarlar hazırladıklarından, Qing Shi huang da daha 13 yaşındayken, tahta çıkar çıkmaz hemen mezarını hazırlamaya başladı. Başlangıçta yüksekliği 120 metre, genişliği de 500 metre olan bu mezarın günümüzdeki yüksekliği 76 metre genişliği de 100 metreye kadar indi. Tarihi kayıtlara göre, yaklaşık 20 milyon nüfuslu Qing İmparatorluğu'nda 700 bin kişi bu mezarın inşasında çalıştı.

(Devamı ve Geniş Bilgi Burada)


TARİHTEN İLGİNÇ GERÇEKLER : Kral Henry,Papa ve Anglikan Kilisesi

KRAL HENRY VE KİLİSE
Papa VIII. Henry'yi Bağışlamayı Reddeder
1533, Roma ve İngiltere

Papanın bağışlamaları, Tanrının kanunlarına karşı gelen insanları affetmenin bir yoludur ve sık sık gerçekleşmemesi gerekir.

Ancak Katolik Kilisesi standartlarını çok yüksek tutamamıştı. O çağda papaların metresleri, gayri meşru çocukları oluyordu. Bu şartlar altında bağışlanma kağıtları Vatikan hazinesine yapılan bağışlarla kolaylıkla elde edilebiliyordu.

1503 yılında İspanyol Ferdinand kız kardeşi Katherine'in 11 yaşındaki İngiltere Prensi Henry ile evlenmesi için Papa II. Julius'dan izin istedi. Bir bağışlama gerekiyordu çünkü Katherine zaten Henry'nin ağabeyiyle evliydi ancak kocası ölmüştü. Papa ise Hıristiyanlığın bir adamın kardeşinin karısıyla evlenmesini yasakladığını ve bu tür birleşmelerin Tanrının onlara çocuk vermemesiyle lanetleneceğini açıkladı.

Ama Papaya müttefiklik sözü verilip büyük bir çeyiz sunulunca -bu çeyiz doğrudan Papanın sandıklarına gitmişti- Papa bağışlamayı kabul etmişti. İngiltere'nin gelecekteki kralı Henry Tudor iki yıl sonra kendinden beş buçuk yaş büyük Aragon'lu Katherine ile evlendi.

İspanya, İngiltere ve Roma bu evliliği pek ciddiye almadı ve elde ettikleri maddi kazanımlarla ilgilendi. Düğün ise planlanandan dört yıl sonra 11 Haziran 1509'da gerçekleşti. Henry düğünden iki ay önce İngiltere kralı olarak taç giydi. Genç çift için her şey toz pembe görünüyordu.

Henry iyi bir kraldı. Bir sanatçı, sporcu ve bilgili bir adamdı. İhtiraslı, yaşama sevinciyle dolu, kendinden önce gelen krallar kadar iyiydi. Katherine ise tutkulu bir şekilde onu yaptıklarında destekliyordu. Öyle ki, verimlilik simgesi olan narı kendi sembolü olarak kullanıyordu. 1518'e kadar altı kez hamile kalmış ve üç kız, üç erkek doğurmuştu. Ne yazık ki, bunlardan sadece bir kız hayatta kalmıştı. Bu kızın adı Mary idi.

Arkasından gelen bir oğlunun olmaması Henry'nin hoşuna gitmemişti. Ayrıca kendinden beş yaş büyük olan, hem de altı doğumdan sonra iyice yaşlı görünmeye başlayan bir kadınla evli olmak da onu sıkıyordu. Çirkinleşmiş ve kendini iyice dine vermişti Katherine. Genç ve tutkulu Henry'nin yüzünü bir arayış içinde genç kadınlara dönmesi kaçınılmazdı, başka bir seçeneği yoktu. Çünkü halkına bir prens borçluydu.

Henry'nin ilgisi sarayda Anne Boleyn adıyla bilinen bir genç kadına yönelmişti. Henry bu kadını "bir meleğin ruhuna sahip, tahta yakışan bir genç hanım" olarak tanımlıyordu. Ama Anne hırslı bir kadındı ve kralın metreslerinden biri olmaya hiç niyeti yoktu. Anne kraliçe olmak istiyordu, Henry de taht için erkek varisler. Bu kusursuz bir eşleşmeydi. Ancak bir sorun vardı, Henry hala Katherine ile evliydi ve Katherine'in Henry'yi bırakmaya hiç niyeti yoktu.

Sorun değil, diye düşündü Kral.

Kralın danışmanlarından biri olan Kardinal Wolsey hernen yeni papa Clement'e bir başvuru yaptı. Henry'nin Katherine ile olan evliliği geçersiz sayılmalıydı, çünkü ilk bağışlama hatalıydı! Bu "hata"nın düzeltilmesi Katherine'in kızı Mary'nin de tahtın varisi olmadığı anlamına gelecekti. Çünkü geçersiz bir evlilikten doğan bir çocuk muamelesi görecekti.

Katherine'in ajanları ve ailesi çoktan Vatikan'la bağlantı kurup kralın bu bağışlamayı sadece kişisel zevkleri için, ona layık olmayan bir kadınla beraber olmak için istediğini açıklamıştı. Wolsey ise olaya, tahta bir erkek varisin gerekliliği, Anne Boleyn'in erdemleri ve Katherine'in hastalığı yüzünden krala karşı olan karılık görevlerini yerine getiremediğinden bahsederek yaklaşmıştı.

Konuşmalar, anlaşmalar uzadı ve tüm Avrupa'yı politika, maliye ve sosyal çatışmalar açısından karıştıracak hale geldi. Bunlarda Anne'in reformcu inançlarının da etkisi büyüktü. Anne ile ilgili haberler İspanyol elçileri tarafından hemen Roma'ya uçuruldu. Katherine'in kraliçe olarak kalması onlar için gerekliydi.

Bir süre sonra Henry'nin sabrı taştı. Roma, İngiltere ile olduğu kadar İspanya ile de arasını iyi tutmaya çalışıyordu. Esas sorun Clement'in kendinden önceki bir papanın aldığı kararı bozmak istememesiydi.

Anne'in acele ettirmesiyle ve taht için gerekli bir erkek varis beklentisinin verdiği tutkuyla sonunda Roma ile giriştiği tüm görüşmeleri kesti ve yeni bir kilise kurdu. Anglikan Kilisesi. Hemen kendisini kilisenin başı ilan etti, Anne ile evlendi ve ilk evliliğini geçersiz ilan etti.

Henry aforoz edildi ancak bu çok umurunda değildi çünkü artık kendi kilisesi vardı ve istediğini yaptırabilirdi.

Anglikan kilisesinin ömrü Anne Boleyn ile yaptığı evliliğin ömründen daha uzun sürdü. Anne 19 Mayıs 1536'da idam edildi ve böylece Henry serbest kaldı. Henry ile aşağı yukarı üç buçuk yıl evli kalmışlardı. Ardında sadece bir kız evlat bıraktı. Erkek varis doğuramamıştı. Papanın aforoz etmeden birkaç yıl önce "İnancın Savunucusu" unvanını verdiği Henry'nin Anne Boleyn'le evlenme fikri tarihin büyük fiyaskolarından biri oldu.

(Alıntıdır)

Cambridge and Craven Students

The Craven Trust supported BSA students in three ways:
  1. The Craven University Studentship.
  2. The Craven Studentship
  3. The Craven Fund
Craven University Student
  • 1886/87 (Cambridge and Craven University Student): Ernest Arthur Gardner (1862-1939). Gonville & Caius. First Cambridge student.
  • 1894/95 (Craven University Student): Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935). Trinity. Part 2, 1st (1894). Admitted 1892/93.
Craven Student
The studentship was created in 1885,
for the purpose of facilitating advanced study or research away form Cambridge in the languages, literature, history, archaeology, or art of ancient Greece or Rome, or the comparative philology of the Indo-European languages.
The regulations stated:
The studentship shall be of the annual value of £200 and shall be tenable for one year, one student being elected annually at such time as the University may from time to time determine, but a Craven student shall not be eligible for re-election on more than two occasions.
  • 1887-90: Ernest Arthur Gardner (1862-1939). Gonville & Caius. Director: 1887-1895. Previously Craven University Student (1886/87).
  • 1891/92, 1892/93: William Loring (1865-1915). King's. Part 2, 1st (1889). Admitted 1889/90 (Cambridge Studentship).
  • 1893/94: Edward Frederic Benson (1867-1940). King's. Part 2, 1st (1891). Admitted 1891/92; 1892/93 (Cambridge Studentship).
  • 1895/96, 1896/97: Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935). Trinity. Part 2, 1st (1894). Admitted 1892/93. Previously Craven University Student (1894/95).
  • 1898/99, 1899/1900: John Cuthbert Lawson (1874-1935). Pembroke. Part 2, 1st (1897).
  • 1901/02: John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958). King's. Part 2, 1st (1900). Admitted 1898/99; 1900/01 (Prendergast Greek Studentship).
  • 1903/04: Alan John Bayard Wace (1879-1957). Pembroke. Part 2, 1st (1902). Admitted 1902/03 (Prendergast Greek Studentship).
Craven Fund
The regulations stated,
The annual sum of £40 shall be paid to the managers for the time being of a fund to be called the Craven Fund, by whom grants may be made from time to time for the furtherance of research in the languages, literature, history, archaeology, and art of ancient Greece and Rome, and the comparative philology of the Indo-European languages.
  • 1887/88: Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936). King's. Part 2, 1st (1885). £40, 'for the purpose of archaeological work on Cyprus'.
  • 1891/92: Francis Brayne Baker (1868-not known). Christ's. £40, ‘for archaeological study in connexion with the British School at Athens’ (1891).'
  • 1896/97 (Craven Fund): Frank Russell Earp (1871-1955). King's. Part 2, 1st (1894). £40.
  • 1898/99: Clement Gutch (1875-1908). King's. Part 2, Greek and Roman Archaeology, 1st (1898). £40, ‘to carry out the exploration of certain necropoleis in the Greek Cyclades’.
  • 1901/02: Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935). Trinity. As Director, £90, ‘to be used for the expenses in excavations at Cyzicus’.
  • 1905/06: Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard (1881-1968). Gonville & Caius. Part 2, 1st (1904).
  • 1903/04: Richard Macgillivray Dawkins (1871-1955). Emmanuel. Part 2, 1st (1902). £50.
  • 1912/13: Max Ludwig Wolfram Laistner (1890-1959). Jesus College. Part 2, 1st (1912). £40.

BSA and King's College

Students
  • Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936). Eton. Scholar (1882); Bell Scholar (1883); Part 1, 1st (1884); Craven Scholar (1884); Part 2, 1st (1885). BSA 1887/88.
  • William Loring (1865-1915). Eton. Bell Scholar (1886); Part 1, 1st (1887); Battie Scholar (1888); Part 2, 1st (1889). BSA 1889/90 (Cambridge Studentship), 1890/91 (Craven University Student), 1891/92, 1892/93; Secretary 1897-1903.
  • Edward Frederic Benson (1867-1940). Marlborough. Exhibitioner (1888); Part 1, 1st (1890); Scholar (1890); Part 2, 1st (1891). BSA 1891/92 (Worts Fund), 1892/93 (Cambridge Studentship), 1893/94 (Craven Student), 1894/95 (Prendergast Greek Student).
  • Arthur George Bather (1868-1928). Rossall. Scholar; Part 1, 1st (1889); Part 2, 1st (1891). BSA 1889/90, 1891/92 (Cambridge Studentship), 1892/93 (Prendergast Greek Studentship), 1893/94 (Cambridge Studentship).
  • Robert John Grote Mayor (1869-1947). Eton. Bell Scholar (1889); Craven Scholar (1891); Part 2, 1st (1892). BSA 1892/93.
  • Vincent Wodehouse Yorke (1869-1957). Eton. Part 1, 1st (1891); Scholar (1891); Part 2, 1st (1892). BSA 1892/93, 1893/94; Hon. Treasurer 1906-55.
  • Frank Russell Earp (1871-1955). Uppingham. Exhibitioner (1892); Part 1, 1st (1893); Scholar (1893); Part 2, 1st (1894). BSA 1896/97.
  • Clement Gutch (1875-1908). Harrow. Part 1, 1st (1897); Scholar (1897); Part 2, Greek and Roman Archaeology, 1st (1898). BSA 1898/99 (Cambridge Studentship).
  • John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958). Dulwich. Scholar; Part 1, 1st (1898); Scholar (1898); Part 2, 1st (1900). BSA 1898/99, 1900/01 (Prendergast Greek Studentship), 1901/02 (Craven Student).
  • Frederick William Hasluck (1878-1920). Leys. Part 1, 1st (1899); Scholar (1899); Part 2, 1st (1901). BSA 1901/02 (Cambridge Studentship), 1902/03, 1904/05, 1905/06; Assistant Director and Librarian 1906-15.
Fellows
  • Montague Rhodes James (1862-1936). Fellow (1887-1905); Dean and Tutor; Provost (1905-18); Vice-Chancellor (1913-14).
  • William Loring (1865-1915). Fellow (1891-97).
  • Arthur George Bather (1868-1928). Fellow (1894); Assistant Master at Winchester (1894-1928).
  • Robert John Grote Mayor (1869-1947). Fellow (1894).
  • Vincent Wodehouse Yorke (1869-1957). Fellow (1895).
  • Frank Russell Earp (1871-1955). Fellow (1897).
  • Frederick William Hasluck (1878-1920). Fellow (1904).
  • Sir John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958). Hon. Fellow (1927).

BSA and Museum Catalogues

John L. Myres held to prepare a Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum (1899) that presented some of the work of the Cyprus Exploration Fund directed by Ernest Gardner. He subsequently researched the catalogue of the Cesnola Collection in New York.

As part of Bosanquet's work in Laconia, M.N. Tod and A.J.B. Wace prepared A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906). This led to invitation for the BSA to be involved with the production of a catalogue for the Acropolis Museum. One of the key researchers was Guy Dickins (who was killed during the First World War): Stanley Casson had to prepare the second volume for publication in 1921. Dorothy Lamb worked on the terracottas.

References
Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. H., and J. L. Myres. 1899. A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum: with a Chronicle of Excavations Undertaken since the British Occupation, and Introductory Notes on Cypriote Archaeology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Tod, M. N., and A. J. B. Wace. 1906. A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Myres, J. L. 1914. Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of Antiquities from Cyprus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Dickins, G. 1912. Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Casson, S. (ed.) 1921. Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

BSA Students and Museums

BSA Students had learned skills of working on museum collections in Greece, and the BSA was responsible for the publications of catalogues of the Sparta and the Akropolis Museums. Cecil Harcourt-Smith had been seconded from the British Museum to serve as Director of the BSA. Surprisingly only two of the students seem to have worked at the British Museum, and neither in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John P. Droop was an assistant to Aurel Stein (1909-11), whereas E.S.G. Robinson joined the Department of Coins and Medals as an assistant in 1912 just after his time in Athens. The department was then under the Keepership of George Hill who had been working on the catalogue of Greek coins. Robinson in effect took over from the work of Warwick Wroth who had died in 1911. Robinson continued to work in the Department, apart from an interlude of war service, until his retirement in 1952; he was promoted to Keeper in 1949.

Several students found work in the University museums at Oxford and Cambridge. M. Rhodes James was the assistant director of the Fitzwilliam Museum (1886-93) while he was admitted to work with Ernest Gardner on the Cyprus Exploration Fund. The Fitzwilliam helped to sponsor the excavations and as a result acquired a number of finds including sculpture. He served under John H. Middleton (1889-92), and succeeded him as Director (1893-1908). Grose joined the museum in 1914 working on a catalogue of the Greek collection.

In Oxford David G. Hogarth succeed Arthur Evans as Keeper at the Ashmolean Museum in November 1908. During this period he developed the collections of Cretan and Hittite antiquities. During the First World War he served in Cairo, returning to Oxford in June 1919. After the war he continued to work on the Hittites, but failing health restricted his activities and he died in 1927. J.G. Milne was appointed Deputy Keeper of Coins, Ashmolean Museum (1931-51), a post formerly held (until 1928) by Humfry Payne. Milne was also a reader in numismatics (1930-38) and librarian of Corpus Christi College (1933-46).

Other former students of the BSA were involved with national collections. Adolph Paul Oppé worked at the Victoria and Albert Museum for two periods (1906-07, 1910-13), and Alan J.B. Wace became Deputy Keeper (1924-34) after his time as Director at the School came to an end. Wace’s expertise with textiles from the Aegean and Anatolia was used to great effect. Solomon C. Kaines Smith was appointed the first official lecturer at the National Gallery in London (1914-16): the position was disrupted by the First World War. After a short career lecturing in Cambridge, he became director of the City Art Gallery in Leeds (1924-27), followed by keeper of the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham (1927-41).

Two students held museum positions outside British. C.C. Edgar, a former inspector of antiquities in Egypt, was appointed assistant keeper at the Cairo Museum in 1920, and Keeper in 1923. In North America C.H. Hawes was appointed Associate Director of the Museum in Fine Arts in Boston.