Bayram Cigerli Blog

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As a result of the fur trade, most Indian tribes of the North American interior...

  • grew prosperous and expanded their territory.
  • did not become rich, but were able to preserve much of their traditional culture.
  • were eager to control it in order to obtain European goods.
  • formed alliances with neighboring tribes to hunt and trap more effectively. 

ANSWER: As a result of the fur trade, most Indian tribes of the North American interior were eager to control it in order to obtain European goods.

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Pontiac's Rebellion?

  • It was a failure.
  • After the Great War for Empire, Pontiac rebelled because of the continuing encroachments on his people's lands by English-speaking settlers.
  • Pontiac called on the Indians to repudiate all European ways and return to their native traditions.
  • In the peace settlement of 1763 that Pontiac eventually signed with the British, whites were barred from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. 

ANSWER: In the peace settlement of 1763 that Pontiac eventually signed with the British, whites were barred from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. 

The Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early sixteenth century were primarily driven by...

  • a fanatical desire to spread Christianity even at the cost of their own material interests.
  • a desire to have areas in the new lands named after themselves.
  • obedience to the wishes of the Spanish monarchs who dispatched them on a mission of conquest.
  • a thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility.

ANSWER: The Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early sixteenth century were primarily driven by a thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility.

Thomas Jefferson's main purpose in composing the Declaration of Independence was to...

  • raise funds from colonial legislatures to carry on the war.
  • explain to the British public why Americans were repudiating George III, in the hopes that Britons would stop Parliament and the king from waging a bloody war.
  • justify the action of Congress by blaming the rupture on George III.
  • persuade pro-Loyalist New York and Georgia to join the Patriot cause.

ANSWER: Thomas Jefferson's main purpose in composing the Declaration of Independence was to justify the action of Congress by blaming the rupture on George III.

Hostilities between French troops and Virginians, led by Colonel George Washington, began in 1754 at...

  • Fort Duquesne.
  • Williamsburg.
  • Quebec.
  • Valley Forge. 
ANSWER: Hostilities between French troops and Virginians, led by Colonel George Washington, began in 1754 at Fort Duquesne. 

Following the conquest of the Aztecs, the Spanish were able to extend their control mostly because of...

  • the roadways spreading out of Tenochtitlan.
  • gold from the Peruvian Incas.
  • funds from the pope.
  • smallpox and other epidemics that decimated the native inhabitants.
ANSWER: Following the conquest of the Aztecs, the Spanish were able to extend their control mostly because of smallpox and other epidemics that decimated the native inhabitants.

Milk Bottles

Yes, I have a collection! Fifteen milk bottles. I didn't realize I had so many, until I put them all out. It all started with one I found in my grandfather's garage. It was from a local dairy. Then I got the brilliant idea to collect a milk bottle from all the different towns I have been in. It helped to narrow the field down for me. Of course I have a couple from my home town too. I try and make them useful by using them to hold knitting needles, pencils and scissors. And they make dandy vases!
Milk Bottles are very hard to date as the they didn't change that much. Milk first started being delivered in glass bottles about 1903, but didn't become wide spread until 1920's. There are two methods of marking a bottle; eembossed (the letters are a raised part of the glass) and pyroglazing (a method of "glazing" a paint on) first used in 1933. Two very informative sites are: http://www.sha.org/bottle/index.htm http://dairyantiques.com/Home_Page.html I haven't done to much research on them. They are such fun pieces of history. Some even have funny saying on them. "They Came to Visit not to Stay, Please Return our Bottles Every Day!"

 A local milk bottle

CRISTOVAO PINHEIRO 01


















Picasa and Pandora

A blogger buddy was talking about Pandora the other day. Basically she said that some people don't know what Pandora is. It made me think of a couple things.

(1) It's amazing how I can use something every day and LOVE it and other people don't even know what it is OR use it.

(2) What are THEY using that I don't know about?

So, firstly, as Kim said, you should use Pandora. If you have the internet and you like music AT ALL, this is the thing for you. It is free. What you do is you pick a band you like, you enter it in as a "radio station", then it plays that band AND other bands that are similar. There is a little icon for "thumbs up" and "thumbs down". If you like the song, give it a thumbs up and if you don't, give it a thumbs down. Then Pandora knows what you want...and they give it to you. You can't get much better than that. Really.

The only drawback: I am traveling, and they won't let me use it abroad. Booo. 

The second thing I use a lot is Picasa. If you like to take photos and need a simple editing tool that is also FREE, you should download this. Also, it can upload photos right to your blog or your internet photo album or send them as an email, also for free.


I love the "star" function, which allows you to select favorites and then sort them that way later. You can also tag, geo-tag and see the EXIF data. Oh and don't forget about the face recognition software! Now you can see just how many photos of you really were taken on your last vacation!



Below are a few examples of what Picasa can do. The mix itself is a collage; the separate photos are examples of editing tools. As you can see, you can also add lettering, borders and more. It's a great tool!


What do you use for photo editing? What do you use to listen to music? Do you have any other free software tips? What are YOU using that I don't know about?


April is over, but A-Z is not dead. P is for Picasa.

Magnum + U.S. + Karl Lagerfeld

I was so happy when I watched a commercial announcing that Magnum-the delicious chocolate coated  ice cream bars would be coming to the United States.  Magnum always conjures up images of traveling, as my experience has been finding this treat when in far flung places.  The last being after spending a day at the beach in Bali: we walked up the steps and there like a shining oasis was a vendor selling Magnum ice cream bars, which were ever so refreshing with the humidity and heat radiating off us. Maybe the novelty will wear off once I am used to them being here, but for now I can only feel excitement.

Image via Magnum
None other than the famed Karl Lagerfeld must think they are pretty stylish too, as he recently directly a film series (commercials) with Rachel Bilson honoring this ice cream bar brand: